Jean-Paul Sartre author photo
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Jean-Paul Sartre

Born: June 21, 1905 – Paris, Île-de-France, France

Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, novelist, and playwright whose work shaped existentialism, phenomenology, and political thought. His notable books include Nausea, Being and Nothingness, and the play No Exit. A major twentieth-century public intellectual, he was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, which he declined.

Biography & Author's Journey

Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris in 1905 and came of age in a cultivated, secular middle-class environment shaped by books, rigorous schooling, and early loss. His father died when he was very young, and he was largely raised by his mother, Anne-Marie, and his grandfather Charles Schweitzer, a teacher who encouraged intellectual discipline. Sartre studied at elite Parisian schools before entering the École Normale Supérieure, where he formed the habits of argument, reading, and public engagement that defined his career. There he also met Simone de Beauvoir, his lifelong intellectual companion. Early teaching posts in provincial lycées gave him material for observing conformity, freedom, and self-deception, themes that would become central to his fiction and philosophy.

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Quotes

quote
I am condemned to be free
-Being and Nothingness
quote
Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself
-Existentialism Is a Humanism
quote
There is no reality except in action
-Existentialism Is a Humanism
quote
Hell is other people
-No Exit
quote
When the rich wage war it's the poor who die
-The Devil and the Good Lord
quote
Words…are loaded pistols
-What is Literature?

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Community Voices

"To understand Jean-Paul Sartre is to understand something important about the present time"

Iris Murdoch

"Jean-Paul Sartre was a philosopher of paradox: an existentialist who attempted a reconciliation with Marxism"

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy

"Jean-Paul Sartre, the French philosopher, novelist and playwright, was the leading exponent of existentialism"

The Washington Post

"Jean-Paul Sartre matters because so many fundamental points of his analysis of the human reality are right and true"

Philosophy Now

"Jean-Paul Sartre was at once the foremost French dramatist of the war years and the father of Existentialism"

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"Like no one else, Jean-Paul Sartre sought to understand exactly what it means to be responsible"

Ronald Aronson

"Jean-Paul Sartre was considered one of the leading interpreters of the post-war generation's world view"

The Guardian

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