
In 1917, amid WWI's chaos, Bertrand Russell's "Why Men Fight" challenged humanity's violent impulses. This controversial pacifist manifesto - which influenced Einstein and landed Russell in prison - reveals the psychological roots of conflict and offers a radical blueprint for lasting peace.
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War devours Europe's youth while intellectuals watch in horror. What drives men to fight? This question consumed Bertrand Russell as he penned "Why Men Fight" amid the carnage of 1915. His answer challenges our fundamental understanding of human nature: we fight not primarily from reason but from impulse. The book became an intellectual sensation, offering a revolutionary vision of society built not on possessive impulses that lead to war, but on creative impulses that foster life. While the British establishment branded him a pariah for his pacifism, his ideas spread like wildfire through lecture halls filled with those seeking answers to civilization's apparent self-destruction. What if our institutions - built on authority, competition, and fear - are systematically destroying the very impulses that make peace possible? We like to think of ourselves as rational beings, but impulse - not conscious purpose - fundamentally shapes our lives. Look at children: they run and shout not to achieve goals but from sheer impulse. Adults simply develop elaborate justifications for actions driven by these same primal forces. This insight transforms our understanding of conflict. If war springs from impulse rather than reason, then rational arguments for peace will never suffice. "Only passion can control passion."
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Criado por ex-alunos da Universidade de Columbia em San Francisco
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Criado por ex-alunos da Universidade de Columbia em San Francisco

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