
Daniel Defoe was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer whose work spanned fiction, politics, economics, and social commentary. He is best known for Robinson Crusoe, Moll Flanders, and A Journal of the Plague Year. Often regarded as an early novelist, he helped shape realistic prose fiction in English literature.
Daniel Defoe was born in London, probably in 1660, into a dissenting Protestant family whose religious nonconformity shaped both his education and his public life. The son of James Foe, a tradesman, he studied at the academy run by Charles Morton at Newington Green rather than at Oxford or Cambridge, which were closed to dissenters. That training gave him a practical education in languages, history, rhetoric, and moral reasoning. Before becoming famous as a writer, he moved through the unstable worlds of commerce, politics, and journalism. He traded as a merchant, traveled widely, and suffered major financial reversals, including bankruptcy, experiences that deepened his interest in risk, credit, ambition, and survival. He later adopted the more genteel form of his surname, Defoe.
"Daniel Defoe was an English novelist, pamphleteer, and journalist, known as the author of Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders"
— Britannica
"The English novelist, journalist, poet, and government agent Daniel Defoe wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets, articles, and poems"
— Encyclopedia.com
"Daniel Defoe became known as the father of the English novel"
— Britannica Kids
"Daniel Defoe was an acclaimed and prolific pamphleteer and journalist"
— Poetry Foundation
"It still seems that the name of Daniel Defoe has no right to appear upon the title-page of Robinson Crusoe"
— Virginia Woolf
"English novelist, pamphleteer and journalist Daniel Defoe is best known for Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders"
— Biography.com
"Daniel Defoe was first and foremost a great reporter"
— The Guardian
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