
"Tokens" reveals how digital currencies reshape power in the platform age. After a decade of research, O'Dwyer exposes the dark parallels between token economies and dystopian control, drawing connections to surveillance systems used by governments and corporations. What freedoms are we unknowingly trading away?
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A knowing wink from an Irish entrepreneur selling phone credit-as-currency at a Vegas fintech conference captures something profound about money itself. When Zimbabwean users text airtime codes as payment instead of topping up their minutes, what are they really doing? The entrepreneur's apologetic wink says it all: this isn't quite money, but it works like money, so does the distinction even matter? We've lived with these almost-money objects since Neolithic farmers pressed clay shapes to represent grain stores. Ancient Athenians used tokens for voting and jury duty. Today's digital landscape explodes with new variations-Twitch Bits, NFTs, smart contracts, gift cards functioning as wages. These aren't aberrations or tech fads. They're the latest chapter in humanity's long, complicated relationship with value itself. What makes our moment unique is how platforms like Amazon, Facebook, and blockchain networks are reshaping this relationship, often in ways that concentrate power rather than distribute it. The question isn't whether tokens will transform our economy-they already have. The question is who controls them, and what that means for the rest of us.
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Criado por ex-alunos da Universidade de Columbia em San Francisco
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Criado por ex-alunos da Universidade de Columbia em San Francisco

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