
Dive into the forgotten heroes who defended Christendom against Islamic expansion - from Vlad the Impaler to Richard the Lionheart. Written by Arabic linguist Raymond Ibrahim, this meticulously researched chronicle reveals how eight medieval warriors shaped Western civilization while facing seemingly impossible odds.
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For nearly a millennium, Europe lived under the shadow of Islamic conquest. By the time of the First Crusade, three-quarters of the original Christian world had already fallen-the Holy Land, North Africa, and much of the Middle East. This wasn't merely religious conflict but an existential struggle that would determine Western civilization's very survival. Eight extraordinary commanders emerged as bulwarks against this tide-not as aggressors, but as defenders of a civilization under siege. Their stories challenge modern sensibilities that often dismiss medieval warriors as religious zealots. Were they brutal men of their time, or did they embody virtues we've forgotten? And what might their struggles teach us about conviction in an age of moral uncertainty?
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Criado por ex-alunos da Universidade de Columbia em San Francisco
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Criado por ex-alunos da Universidade de Columbia em San Francisco

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