
출생: November 22, 1905 – Chicago, Illinois, United States
James Burnham was an American political theorist and public intellectual whose work examined elite power, bureaucracy, and modern statecraft. Best known for The Managerial Revolution and The Machiavellians, he moved from Trotskyism to conservatism and became a major influence on postwar U.S. conservative thought through books and National Review.
James Burnham, the twentieth-century American political theorist and essayist, was born in Chicago in 1905 and educated at Princeton, where he graduated first in his class, before continuing at Balliol College, Oxford. He joined the philosophy faculty at New York University in 1929 and came of age intellectually during the turbulence of the Depression. In the 1930s he moved deep into Marxist and Trotskyist circles, writing for small magazines and ideological journals and helping build a reputation as a rigorous, combative thinker. The decisive turning point came in 1940, when he broke with Marxism, concluding that its theory was false and that its politics tended toward totalitarian rule. From that point, his development as a writer unfolded not through any digital platform but through books, journals, and major opinion magazines in the print culture of his time. ((https://kirkcenter.org/essays/james-burnham-marxist-1933-1940/))
"James Burnham was a skilled and fearless champion of human liberty"
— Ronald Reagan
"James Burnham's The Managerial Revolution was widely read and discussed"
— John Kenneth Galbraith
"James Burnham became a lightning rod for American conservatism"
— United Press International
"James Burnham was absolutely vital to the development of American conservative thought"
— William F. Buckley Jr
"Social science is indebted to James Burnham for pointing to the power potential inherent in managerial control"
— Karl Wittfogel
"The sum total of James Burnham's philosophy puzzles me"
— Norman Thomas
"James Burnham's theory is extremely plausible, to put it at the lowest"
— George Orwell
"The most important and enduring name is that of the man who defined the concept for them all, James Burnham"
— The Washington Post
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