The Extended Phenotype by Richard Dawkins Summary
Overview of The Extended Phenotype
Dawkins revolutionizes evolutionary biology by showing genes reach beyond bodies, manipulating environments and other organisms. From beaver dams to parasite mind control, this landmark text inspired Oxford's extended evolutionary synthesis - reshaping how scientists understand nature's most fundamental mechanisms.
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Ключевые выводы
Genes That Reach Beyond Bodies
Imagine a world where your genes aren't confined to your body but extend outward, manipulating the environment and even other organisms to ensure their survival. This isn't science fiction - it's the revolutionary perspective Richard Dawkins presents in "The Extended Phenotype." While traditional biology focuses on how organisms adapt to environments, Dawkins flips the script by asking: why do genes build organisms at all? Like the famous Necker cube optical illusion that can be perceived in two equally valid ways, this perspective shift doesn't change reality - it transforms how we understand it. Genes aren't just passive stretches of DNA - they're active replicators whose effects extend far beyond the bodies they inhabit. Consider a beaver's dam. Is it merely a structure built by a beaver? Or is it actually a physical manifestation of beaver genes, as much a product of those genes as the beaver's tail? The dam creates a protective pond that increases beaver survival, directly benefiting the genes that influenced its construction. Similarly, when a cuckoo chick manipulates a host bird into feeding it, we're witnessing cuckoo genes expressing themselves through the behavior of an entirely different species. This perspective helps explain puzzling evolutionary phenomena, like why some genes appear to act against their host organism's interests.
Beyond Genetic Determinism and Evolution's Imperfect Solutions
The Dark Art of Manipulation
Replicators, Not Organisms, Drive Evolution
The World as a Web of Genetic Influence
Why Bodies Still Matter
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Создано выпускниками Колумбийского университета в Сан-Франциско
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
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