Capítulo 4
The Tolerant Left's Intolerance
In 2018, Democrat Maxine Waters made a shocking call to harass Trump administration officials in public spaces, followed by examples of leftist mobs confronting Republican politicians at restaurants and their homes. Hillary Clinton's declaration that "You cannot be civil" with political opponents represented a rejection of civility itself. The phrase "tolerant Left" has become ironic, with conservatives accusing liberals of hypocrisy while liberals deem conservatives unworthy of tolerance.
Herbert Marcuse, "Father of the New Left" and Frankfurt School scholar, provided the intellectual framework for this apparent contradiction in his 1965 essay on "repressive tolerance." He argued that true tolerance requires intolerance toward prevailing opinions while extending tolerance to suppressed views. Since the masses had been "indoctrinated" by the oppressive system, they needed information "slanted in the opposite direction" through "undemocratic means." Marcuse justified censorship as necessary for "liberation," explicitly concluding: "Liberating tolerance would mean intolerance against movements from the Right and toleration of movements from the Left."
Modern leftists have embraced this framework, claiming conservative speech makes them feel "unsafe" and even physically harms them. They frequently invoke the "Fire in a crowded theater" cliche derived from Schenck v. United States (1919), though they ignore its political context and subsequent partial overturning. Marcuse redefined "clear and present danger" to justify censorship against what he called "hidden censorship" in free media.
Our society hasn't eliminated prejudices but merely changed them. What was once prohibited (vulgar language, sexual content) is now permitted, while formerly accepted speech (moral judgments on sexual behavior) is now condemned. Tolerance necessarily has limits, as even liberal John Locke acknowledged in his Letter Concerning Toleration. While praising tolerance as "the chief characteristic mark of the true Church," Locke questioned whether Catholics should be tolerated, and explicitly stated atheists should not be tolerated at all, arguing "the taking away of God dissolves all" societal bonds.
Capítulo 5
The Feminist Attack on Private Life
Feminists of the mid-to-late twentieth century inflicted political correctness on our culture. While leftist academics created PC's intellectual framework in the 1920s and '30s, novelists prophesied its effects in subsequent decades, and student radicals embraced it in the 1960s, feminists helped political correctness break into mainstream discourse in the 1970s. Toni Cade's 1970 statement that "A man cannot be politically correct and a chauvinist too" marks the first printed instance of "politically correct" in its modern meaning.
Carol Hanisch launched the feminist attack in 1970 with her essay "The Personal Is Political." Already known for protesting the 1968 Miss America Pageant, Hanisch explained that feminist consciousness-raising sessions weren't mere therapy but political action, declaring "personal problems are political problems." This concept derived from the Marxist idea of "false consciousness," which radicals use to explain why supposedly oppressed people don't realize their own misery.
Justice Scalia lamented this approach in his Obergefell dissent, noting that what appears to be an expansion of liberty actually restricts political rights. The personal-is-political concept works two ways: private life becomes political while political life becomes personal. Hanisch embraced both, calling for "political therapy" for the entire country-effectively treating constitutional government as a disorder.
Feminists weaponized language to break down traditional society, creating terms like "wimmin" and "chairperson" to politicize all terminology. As Deborah Cameron explained, "By coining alternatives to traditional usage, the radicals have effectively politicised all the terms." Christopher Hitchens observed that PC reduces groups "into subgroups and finally to atoms, so that everyone is on their guard against everyone else."
Simone de Beauvoir understood that language is never neutral, advising women to "steal the instrument" of language for their own purposes. She bluntly told Betty Friedan that "no woman should be authorized to stay at home to raise her children" because "too many women will make that choice," explicitly rejecting individual freedom in favor of forcing women toward her vision. Her ultimate goal was clear: "As long as the family and the myth of the family and the myth of maternity and the maternal instinct are not destroyed, women will still be oppressed."
Capítulo 6
The Academic Assault on Western Civilization
Professor Harold Bloom once called certain academic disciplines the "School of Resentment," where pseudo-academic fields like "Black Studies," "Women's Studies," and "Queer Studies" valorize their subjects while "Whiteness Studies" and "American Studies" exist primarily to denigrate white people and America. All these "critical studies" ultimately serve to criticize America and Western civilization more broadly.
Before Critical Theory conquered academia, readers approached texts seeking wisdom. Now radical ideologues have replaced traditional approaches to teaching with a resentful attitude that judges authors and texts according to modern ideological standards, often ignoring the actual meaning of the works themselves.
In 2016, Yale undergraduates petitioned to "decolonize" the English department by removing requirements to study Shakespeare and Chaucer in the Major English Poets course, claiming it "unacceptable that a Yale student considering studying English literature might read only white male authors." This despite countless available courses on non-white, non-male authors.
The radicals' complaint that English poets in an English poetry course constituted "colonization" revealed their true aim: political control over cultural institutions. Unlike Western literature, non-Western traditions face no such scrutiny or demands for "deconstruction." New forms of literary analysis-deconstruction, poststructuralism, postmodernism-proliferated throughout academia starting in the 1960s with the explicit purpose of undermining Western civilization's philosophical and cultural foundations.
Jacques Derrida's cryptic 1976 declaration that "There is nothing outside the text" epitomizes the deconstructionist approach that has atrophied the Western mind to the point of denying objective truth itself. While historical context can aid interpretation, deconstructionists' obsession with context at the expense of absolute truth has ironically deprived great works of their proper context.
The radicals fixate on Shakespeare's identity politics while ignoring his profound insights about human nature, like his description of mercy as "an attribute to God himself." Having successfully removed the Bible from schools in 1963, cultural revolutionaries next targeted Shakespeare and the Western Canon, claiming to "expand" curricula while actually replacing great works with lesser ones chosen along ideological lines.
Capítulo 7
The Campus Laboratory of Political Correctness
The university campus both birthed political correctness and was ultimately destroyed by it. Colleges nurtured the neo-Marxism, Critical Theory, deconstruction, and postmodernism that would constitute political correctness, providing these movements the means to transmit radical ideas to a generation of elites who would later import them into corporate boardrooms and government. But to implement these ideas, political correctness had to destroy the very institution that gave it life.
Despite universities being relatively safe environments, activists have fabricated numerous incidents to portray campuses as hotbeds of racism and violence. In 1969, armed Cornell students occupied Willard Straight Hall following what appears to have been a staged cross-burning incident. Similar hoaxes have proliferated in recent decades: Jussie Smollett's infamous MAGA country attack, Oberlin College students falsely accusing a bakery owner of racial profiling, and numerous incidents of students writing racist threats against themselves.
Left-wing activists claim one in five-or even one in four-women are raped during college, statistics that would make Harvard Yard more dangerous than Botswana. These numbers derive from methodologically flawed surveys that redefine terms, count drunken encounters as rape regardless of participants' views, and suffer from severe non-response bias. Justice Department data shows female students are actually less likely to be sexually assaulted than non-students of the same age, with victimization rates more than ten times lower than activist surveys suggest.
The fabrication of campus violence serves a larger ideological purpose revealed by Jesse Jackson's 1987 Stanford protest chant: "Hey hey! Ho ho! Western Civ has got to go." Western civilization uniquely eschewed tribalism, welcoming diverse peoples to both enjoy and contribute to its achievements. When Saul Bellow asked, "Who is the Tolstoy of the Zulus?" critics like Ta-Nehisi Coates misunderstood his point-Tolstoy matters not because he was white but because he wrote masterpieces.
Allan Bloom's million-selling book "The Closing of the American Mind" identified political correctness's central paradox: the pursuit of "openness" had closed people's minds. While education once aimed at excellence and virtue, it now valued "openness" above all. Bloom observed that reformers believed "the study of history and culture teaches that all the world was mad in the past," leading them to reject not just false opinions but opinion itself.
Sex offers the clearest view of how campus standards evolved. Until the mid-twentieth century, universities enforced strict guidelines regulating interactions between sexes, with curfews, dress codes, and rules like "three feet on the floor" during dorm visits. By the early 1970s, these restrictions collapsed almost overnight as co-ed living became normalized. However, the promised sexual liberation quickly gave way to new, equally rigid standards. In 1991, Antioch College issued a sexual assault prevention policy requiring explicit verbal consent "each and every time" at "each new level of sexual activity," effectively defining nearly all campus sexual encounters as potential rape.
Capítulo 8
The War on Standards and Taboos
Political correctness presents itself as politeness while simultaneously embracing vulgarity. PC advocates demand careful language around race, sex, and other sensitive topics while participating in crude displays like "slut walks" and "pussy hat" marches. The 1990s saw cultural gatekeepers relaxing decency standards, exemplified by the first utterance of "shit" on network television in Chicago Hope, later parodied by South Park's "It Hits the Fan" episode. This trend accelerated, with increasingly explicit language appearing on television.
Every culture maintains taboos that reveal what it worships and abhors. From Polynesian practices that introduced the term "taboo" to Western vocabulary, to Biblical dietary restrictions and religious observances, these prohibitions serve both practical and spiritual purposes. Taboos bind communities together and set them apart, as exemplified by Ahad Ha'am's observation that "More than the Jewish people have kept Shabbat, Shabbat has kept the Jews."
In America, taboos have shifted dramatically-George Carlin's once-forbidden "seven words" have become commonplace on television, while racial epithets, particularly the "n-word," have become uniquely unspeakable. The elevation of pride from deadly sin to political virtue represents a fundamental reordering of cultural priorities. Beginning with the first gay pride parade in 1970, pride movements have expanded from discrete events to month-long celebrations. This shift reveals the Left's embrace of what Thomas Aquinas called "the queen of vices"-the excessive love of one's own excellence.
The radical Left has systematically inverted traditional virtues, elevating the seven deadly sins to political virtues. The "fat acceptance movement," emerging in the 1960s, exemplifies this by going beyond basic courtesy to affirming unhealthy habits as positive goods. In 1967, hundreds gathered in Central Park to "celebrate human obesity," demanding not just tolerance but the inversion of beauty standards.
Capítulo 9
The Conservative Failure to Respond
As the Cold War ended in 1991, a new cultural cold war was beginning on American campuses. When President George H.W. Bush addressed University of Michigan's commencement that spring, student radicals attempted to shout him down-ironically proving his point about free speech being under assault. Bush warned that political correctness had "ignited controversy across the land" by declaring "certain topics off limits, certain expression off limits, even certain gestures off limits."
However, Bush mischaracterized political correctness as beginning as "a crusade for civility" when it actually began as a political campaign to remake Western culture. While Bush defended abstract notions of free speech and diversity, conservatives like Robert Kelner criticized this approach as a "phony war on political correctness" that avoided articulating substantive cultural positions. Pat Buchanan offered a more confrontational alternative at the 1992 Republican convention, directly challenging "radical feminism" and other politically correct movements in what he framed as a necessary "culture war" to "take back our culture."
While Buchanan directly confronted the culture war, Bush focused almost exclusively on foreign policy in his acceptance speech-the Soviet collapse, global conflicts, and America's role in transforming other nations into democracies. Despite acknowledging "the world is in transition," Bush defined the "challenge of the nineties" purely in economic and military terms, showing no interest in articulating a coherent conservative cultural agenda.
The backlash against political correctness reached Broadway in 1992 with David Mamet's play Oleanna, which depicts a power struggle between a university professor and his failing feminist student. When Carol files increasingly severe complaints against John-first for sexism, then for attempted rape after he merely touched her arm-she ultimately offers to rescind her complaint if he'll ban certain "questionable" books, including his own. After John violently beats Carol in the final scene, she mutters "Yes. That's right," seemingly satisfied to have proven her accusations correct. Mamet portrays the subtle trap of political correctness: John saw only two options-betraying his principles or becoming a brute-when a third option existed: maintaining standards and civility while refusing to engage with unreasonable demands.
Capítulo 10
The Path Forward: Reclaiming Cultural Standards
Conservatives have failed against political correctness by misunderstanding it as mere censorship rather than a competing moral standard. The author argues conservatives must abandon tired slogans like "free speech absolutism," acknowledge there has never been absolute free speech, and develop a substantive vision based on moral conscience.
Any conservative vision must recognize good, evil, virtue, and vice as eternal realities knowable through reason and revelation. Conservatives must restore prohibitions against obscenity and admit that all cultures necessarily "cancel" some ideas-the difference lies in what is deemed worthy of ostracism. Rather than vague appeals to "Western civilization," conservatives must articulate a specific vision of the common good and the Highest Good. When conservatives refuse to define the good, they cede that power to ideological opponents.
Politics and culture are inseparable-each influences the other-and conservatives must engage politically rather than merely culturally. Ultimately, conservatives must not merely demand the right to speak but have something substantive to say.
Despite its proletarian pretensions, political correctness isn't primarily championed by the minorities it claims to defend. According to the "Hidden Tribes" study, 80 percent of Americans believe political correctness is problematic. Contrary to popular belief, whites are less likely than Asians (82%), Hispanics (87%), and American Indians (88%) to oppose PC, with only 79% of whites taking issue with it. Even among Black Americans, 75% consider political correctness a problem.
Support for political correctness breaks down primarily along political lines, with virtually all "devoted conservatives" (97%) opposing it, while it enjoys majority support among just one demographic: progressive activists-ironically the whitest, richest, most highly educated group in America. Despite masquerading as the voice of aggrieved minorities, political correctness has always been championed primarily by white elites who set out to transform society from their privileged position in academia.
The battle against political correctness isn't merely about free speech-it's about which standards will govern our society. As history demonstrates, no society can exist without standards. The question isn't whether we will have standards, but whose standards will prevail. For conservatives to succeed, they must move beyond defensive appeals to abstract liberty and articulate a positive vision of the good society they wish to conserve.
