From Columbia University alumni built in San Francisco
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From Columbia University alumni built in San Francisco

**Nia:** Hey there, welcome to today's episode! You know, I was thinking about this the other day—how would you feel if you got a letter in the mail saying, "Greetings, you've been selected to serve in the military"? That was reality for millions of Americans throughout our history.
**Eli:** Right, and what's fascinating is how controversial military drafts have been. During the Civil War, wealthy men could literally pay $300—an enormous sum back then—to avoid service, which led to the infamous phrase that it was a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight."
**Nia:** Wait, seriously? I had no idea you could just... buy your way out of fighting! That must have caused some serious resentment.
**Eli:** Absolutely. In fact, it sparked the New York Draft Riots of 1863, where over 100 people died in three days of violence. The rioters were mostly poor Irish immigrants who couldn't afford to pay that exemption fee, and they ended up targeting African Americans as scapegoats.
**Nia:** That's terrible. I'm guessing the draft has always been pretty unpopular, then?
**Eli:** It's complicated. During World War II, over 10 million men were drafted with relatively little resistance—only about 350,000 cases of draft evasion were reported. But by Vietnam, everything changed. Let's explore how the draft evolved from a widely accepted patriotic duty to something that tore the nation apart.