
Discovered in the 1830s, "The Song of Roland" - France's oldest literary masterpiece - transformed medieval storytelling and fueled First Crusade fervor. This anonymous 11th-century epic explores honor, betrayal and martyrdom in a battle that never happened but forever shaped Western literature.
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In 778 A.D., a minor military skirmish occurred in the Pyrenees mountains-Charlemagne's rear guard ambushed by Basque warriors, a footnote in medieval chronicles. Yet three centuries later, this forgotten border clash would explode into Western civilization's most influential epic poem. The Song of Roland transforms a tactical defeat into a cosmic drama of honor, betrayal, and divine justice that would shape European identity for a millennium. What makes this metamorphosis so fascinating? An unknown poet reimagined history through the lens of the First Crusade, converting Basque mountaineers into Saracen armies and a thirty-six-year-old king into a two-hundred-year-old emperor of mythic proportions. This wasn't mere embellishment-it was cultural alchemy. The poem became a mirror reflecting medieval society's deepest values: feudal loyalty as sacred covenant, martial prowess as spiritual calling, and death in battle as the ultimate expression of faith. Even today, Roland's fatal refusal to call for help resonates as a cautionary tale about pride's destructive power-a theme echoing through everything from Greek tragedy to modern cinema.
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Creato da alumni della Columbia University a San Francisco

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