Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

1. Ward explores how incarceration and violence permanently fragment Black Southern identity.
2. Sing Unburied Sing uses ghosts to connect historical trauma to present suffering.
3. Memory serves as both healing sanctuary and inescapable prison for characters.
4. Parchman prison perpetuates slavery through modern exploitation of Black inmates today.
5. Jesmyn Ward reveals motherhood as impossible burden under addiction and systemic neglect.
6. The novel demonstrates how racism repeats cyclically across three family generations.
7. Supernatural realism makes intergenerational trauma physically present through ghostly narrators like Richie.
8. Storytelling and song preserve Black history against erasure by systemic violence.
9. Ward shows caring for others as both profound love and exhausting labor.
10. Multiple perspectives reveal how addiction and trauma completely fragment family bonds.
11. Richie's ghost embodies how prison systems dehumanize and destroy Black youth.
12. The book rejects linear progress to expose cyclical repetition of Southern oppression.

About the Author of Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

Jesmyn Ward is the acclaimed author of Sing, Unburied, Sing and one of the most important American novelists of the twenty-first century. Born in 1977 in DeLisle, Mississippi, Ward explores the bonds of community and familial love among poor African Americans in the rural South through luminous, unflinching prose. Her fiction confronts themes of racism, poverty, generational trauma, and the enduring legacies of slavery and mass incarceration.

Ward holds an MFA from the University of Michigan and is a professor of creative writing at Tulane University. She is the first woman and first African American to win the National Book Award for Fiction twice—for Salvage the Bones in 2011 and Sing, Unburied, Sing in 2017. Her other works include the novels Where the Line Bleeds and Let Us Descend, the memoir Men We Reaped, and the anthology The Fire This Time.

In 2017, Ward received the prestigious MacArthur Foundation "Genius Grant" for her powerful portrayal of marginalized Black communities. Sing, Unburied, Sing has been widely celebrated as a modern American masterpiece.

FAQs About Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

What is Sing, Unburied, Sing by Jesmyn Ward about?

Sing, Unburied, Sing is a 2017 novel that follows 13-year-old JoJo and his toddler sister Kayla living with their grandparents in rural Mississippi while their drug-addicted mother Leonie emotionally abandons them. When the family travels to Parchman Prison to pick up JoJo's white father Michael, JoJo encounters the ghost of Richie, a young boy who died at the prison decades earlier, revealing the long legacy of racism, violence, and incarceration that haunts their community.

Who is Jesmyn Ward and why is she significant?

Jesmyn Ward is an American novelist and professor at Tulane University who made history as the first woman and first Black American to win the National Book Award for Fiction twice—in 2011 for Salvage the Bones and 2017 for Sing, Unburied, Sing. Born in 1977, Ward received her MFA from the University of Michigan and a MacArthur "Genius Grant" in 2017. Her lyrical prose explores the lives of poor African Americans in coastal Mississippi with unflinching honesty.

Who should read Sing, Unburied, Sing?

Sing, Unburied, Sing is ideal for readers of literary fiction who appreciate character-driven narratives, poetic language, and explorations of race, poverty, and family dysfunction in the American South. This book suits those willing to engage with difficult themes including racism, addiction, and generational trauma, as well as readers interested in magical realism and books compared to Toni Morrison's Beloved. It's not recommended for those seeking plot-heavy narratives or clear-cut resolutions.

Is Sing, Unburied, Sing worth reading?

Sing, Unburied, Sing is absolutely worth reading, having won the 2017 National Book Award, appeared on President Obama's 2017 reading list, and ranked #30 on The New York Times' best books of the 21st century. Despite some critiques about narrative voice consistency, the novel's powerful exploration of racism, family bonds, and intergenerational trauma through Ward's luminous prose makes it essential contemporary American literature. Time and The New York Times both named it one of 2017's top ten novels.

What are the main themes in Sing, Unburied, Sing?

Sing, Unburied, Sing explores racism and white supremacy through the brutal history of Parchman Prison and the present-day racial profiling experienced by biracial children JoJo and Kayla. The novel examines family dysfunction and addiction, particularly how Leonie's drug use forces JoJo to parent his younger sister. Other central themes include death and mercy, the lasting trauma of violence, the resilience of familial bonds, and how poverty and incarceration perpetuate cycles of oppression in Black communities.

What is the significance of ghosts in Sing, Unburied, Sing?

The ghosts in Sing, Unburied, Sing represent unresolved trauma and historical injustices that continue haunting the present, particularly the ghost of Richie who died at Parchman Prison in the 1940s. Rather than purely supernatural elements, these spirits symbolize how violent deaths—especially those caused by racism—chain souls to earth and prevent healing across generations. JoJo's ability to communicate with these spirits reveals how past atrocities remain embedded in the lives of contemporary Black families in Mississippi.

How does Sing, Unburied, Sing compare to Beloved by Toni Morrison?

Sing, Unburied, Sing echoes Toni Morrison's Beloved through its use of magical realism, incorporation of ghosts representing historical trauma, and unflinching examination of racism's devastating impact on Black families. Both novels feature supernatural elements rooted in real violence—slavery in Beloved, Jim Crow-era prison brutality in Ward's work—and explore how the dead remain present in the lives of the living. Critics position Jesmyn Ward as following in Morrison's footsteps as a literary giant documenting African American experiences.

What is Parchman Prison and why is it important in Sing, Unburied, Sing?

Parchman Prison, officially the Mississippi State Penitentiary, serves as a central symbol in Sing, Unburied, Sing representing the long history of oppression faced by Black communities in Mississippi. The prison haunts multiple generations of JoJo's family—his grandfather worked there, his father is incarcerated there, and the ghost of Richie died there in the 1940s. Parchman reveals how the criminal justice system perpetuates racial violence and destroys Black families across decades.

What does the title Sing, Unburied, Sing mean?

The title Sing, Unburied, Sing refers to the voices of the dead who remain "unburied" because they died violently and unjustly, unable to find peace or move on from their earthly trauma. These spirits must "sing"—tell their stories and be heard—before they can be released from their suffering. The title evokes both the characters' need to give voice to forgotten victims of racism and the lyrical, song-like quality of Jesmyn Ward's prose throughout the novel.

What are the criticisms of Sing, Unburied, Sing?

The primary criticism of Sing, Unburied, Sing concerns the unrealistic narrative voices of 13-year-old JoJo and drug-addicted Leonie, whose internal monologues are far too complex, nuanced, and poetic for their ages and educational backgrounds. Reviewers noted the stark contrast between characters' colloquial dialogue and their extraordinarily introspective thoughts, making it feel like Stanford-educated Ward's voice rather than authentic Mississippi characters. A third-person perspective would have made the lyrical prose more plausible.

What is the relationship between JoJo and Kayla in Sing, Unburied, Sing?

JoJo and Kayla share a heartening, unbreakable sibling bond formed in response to their mother Leonie's emotional abandonment and drug addiction. As a 13-year-old forced into a parental role, JoJo protects and nurtures his toddler sister Kayla with profound tenderness throughout their difficult family circumstances. Their relationship represents resilience and love emerging from loss, demonstrating how children create their own support systems when parents fail them.

Why is Sing, Unburied, Sing still relevant in 2025?

Sing, Unburied, Sing remains urgently relevant in 2025 because it addresses ongoing systemic racism, mass incarceration of Black Americans, and intergenerational trauma that continue plaguing communities today. The novel's exploration of how addiction and poverty destroy families, racial profiling persists, and historical violence echoes into the present resonates with contemporary social justice movements and conversations about criminal justice reform. Ward's unflinching portrayal of these issues offers essential perspective on America's unresolved racial wounds.