Antigone by Sophocles Summary

Antigone by Sophocles centers on the titular character’s defiance of King Creon’s order to leave her brother Polynices unburied after a civil war. The play explores themes of moral duty versus state law, divine justice versus human authority, and the consequences of pride. Antigone’s unwavering commitment to honoring her brother and the gods leads to tragic outcomes, including her suicide and the deaths of Creon’s son and wife.

This tragedy appeals to readers interested in classical Greek literature, ethical dilemmas, and political philosophy. Students of drama, ethics, or ancient history will find it particularly valuable for its exploration of civil disobedience, familial loyalty, and the clash between individual conscience and authoritarian rule.

Yes, as one of the most influential Greek tragedies, it offers timeless insights into human nature, justice, and power. Its compact yet layered narrative—spanning themes like gender roles, tyranny, and divine law—makes it essential for understanding Western literary and philosophical traditions.

• Moral law vs. state law: Antigone prioritizes divine duty over Creon’s edict.
• Pride (hubris): Creon’s arrogance leads to his downfall.
• Gender roles: Antigone challenges patriarchal norms through her defiance.
• Fate and free will: Characters grapple with predetermined destinies.

Antigone demonstrates unyielding resolve by risking death to bury Polynices, asserting that “there is no shame in honoring my brother.” Her actions symbolize the power of individual conscience against oppressive authority, making her a timeless figure of moral courage.

Creon, the authoritarian king of Thebes, represents rigid state power and hubris. His refusal to revoke Polynices’ burial ban—despite warnings from Haemon and Tiresias—triggers a chain of suicides, highlighting the dangers of inflexible leadership.

Their clash symbolizes the tension between personal ethics and political authority. While Antigone upholds familial and religious obligations, Creon prioritizes civic order, creating a timeless debate about justice and power.

• “I was born to love, not to hate.” (Antigone’s defense of her actions).
• “There is no happiness where there is no wisdom.” (The Chorus’ warning against hubris).
• “The laws of the gods are mighty, and a man must serve them.” (Antigone’s moral justification).

Antigone subverts traditional gender expectations by openly challenging Creon—a radical act for a woman in ancient Greece. Her sister Ismène, in contrast, embodies conventional female submission, underscoring societal constraints on women’s agency.

The play warns against unchecked authority, advocates for ethical integrity over blind obedience, and underscores the human cost of pride. Its themes resonate in discussions of civil rights, protest movements, and moral leadership.

Unlike Oedipus Rex, which focuses on fate, Antigone emphasizes moral choice and political conflict. Its protagonist—a strong female character—stands apart in a genre often dominated by male heroes.

• Burial rites: Represent the conflict between divine and human law.
• The tomb: Symbolizes Antigone’s isolation and societal rejection.
• The Chorus: Reflects communal judgment and moral commentary.

Its exploration of civil disobedience, gender inequality, and ethical leadership mirrors modern struggles for justice. Antigone’s defiance has inspired movements advocating human rights and resistance to tyranny.