Merchants of Doubt by Naomi Oreskes & Erik M. Conway Summary
Overview of Merchants of Doubt
Discover how a handful of scientists derailed critical public health and environmental policies. Endorsed by Al Gore as essential reading "for anyone concerned about democracy in America," this expose reveals the playbook used to manufacture doubt from tobacco to climate change.
Similar books to Merchants of Doubt
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核心要点
The Merchants of Doubt: Manufacturing Uncertainty in a World of Facts
Imagine a world where cigarettes are considered harmless, acid rain is dismissed as natural, and climate change remains "controversial" despite overwhelming scientific evidence. This isn't science fiction-it's recent history. A small group of influential scientists, primarily Cold War-era physicists, systematically created confusion about scientific findings that threatened industries they ideologically supported. Their strategy? Manufacturing doubt. As one tobacco executive candidly wrote in 1969: "Doubt is our product, since it is the best means of competing with the 'body of fact' that exists in the minds of the general public." This blueprint for science denial would shape public discourse on critical issues for decades to come.
The Tobacco Playbook: Creating a Template for Denial
From Cold Warriors to Environmental Skeptics
Rehearsals for Climate Denial: Acid Rain and Ozone Depletion
The Climate Battleground: Denying a Century of Science
The Denial Machine: Creating a Scientific Potemkin Village
Science in a Democracy: Expertise, Trust, and Action
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将《Merchants of Doubt》的核心观点拆解为易于理解的要点，了解创新团队如何创造、协作和成长。
闪卡模式 - 《Merchants of Doubt》精华：8条核心见解
将《Merchants of Doubt》提炼为快速记忆要点，突出坦诚、团队合作和创造力的关键原则。
趣味模式 - 《Merchants of Doubt》的启示 - 25分钟故事
通过生动的故事体验《Merchants of Doubt》，将创新经验转化为令人难忘且可应用的精彩时刻。
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随心提问，选择声音，共同创造真正与你产生共鸣的见解。
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"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
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