第 1 章
Unlocking Your Inner Writer: The Psychological Journey
Have you ever felt that surge of creative energy, that moment when words flow effortlessly onto the page, only to disappear as mysteriously as it came? Dorothea Brande's revolutionary approach to writing addresses precisely this elusive quality-the psychological foundation that determines whether talented writers succeed or fail. Unlike most writing guides that focus on technique, Brande's wisdom targets the fundamental personality problems that prevent writers from accessing their creative potential. Since its publication in 1934, this book has been championed by literary giants like John Gardner, who was astonished that such an essential work ever fell out of print. Stephen King named it one of his top five books on writing, while Ray Bradbury credited it with helping him find his voice. The book's enduring power comes from its radical premise: the "magic" of writing isn't an inborn gift possessed by a select few-it's a learnable skill accessible to anyone willing to understand the dual nature of the creative mind.
第 2 章
The Writer's Dual Nature: Artist and Craftsman
Every successful writer functions as a fortunate kind of dual personality. Within you lives both a spontaneous, sensitive artist who responds freshly to the world, and a discriminating craftsman who shapes these responses into art. This duality isn't pathological-it's essential to creative work. The journals of literary geniuses consistently mention this sense of having multiple aspects: the everyday person who walks and the genius who flies.
We all experience moments when our conscious and unconscious minds work together perfectly-during emergencies, when getting a "second wind," or waking with a problem solved. These everyday miracles relate to genius, which occurs when both aspects of mind conspire to create maximum effect. The genius habitually creates these moments of integration.
Many promising writers turn back during what Brande calls the "slough of despond"-that period of overwhelming self-doubt where you compare yourself unfavorably to established writers and question your maturity. After the initial excitement of wanting to write comes the dawning comprehension of what a writer's life truly demands: hard work transforming dreams into reality. The novice finds "a hundred reasons to doubt himself and not one for self-confidence."
Those who persist often fail because they attempt too much at once or take the wrong approach to their self-education. The key insight is that you must teach yourself not as one person, but as two complementary sides working in harmony. Your practical self must be intelligently critical and detached, providing suitable conditions for your artist-self, which can then be sensitive, enthusiastic, and creative.
第 3 章
Protecting Your Creative Spirit: The Transparent Barrier
By creating a mental division between your creative and practical selves, you establish a protective barrier between yourself and the world, allowing artistic growth at your own pace. The average person finds something "exquisitely funny" about writing aspirations, responding with merciless teasing to those who announce their intentions. This mockery often stems from their own unfulfilled creative desires or misconceptions about the writing life, making it crucial to shield your developing artistic self from such negativity.
This barrier shields you from both the mockery directed at aspiring writers and the uncomfortable reverence shown to successful ones. The latter can be equally damaging, as it creates unrealistic expectations and performance pressure. Writers should maintain discretion about their profession for another crucial reason: talking about stories you plan to write often depletes the energy needed to actually write them. When you verbally share a story idea and receive approval or shocked reactions, you unconsciously consider it "done," making the actual writing process feel like a "twice-told tale." This phenomenon, known as premature sharing, can rob your work of its vital creative energy and momentum.
Your writing self is instinctively emotional and would happily exist in reverie, rarely feeling the spontaneous impulse to write. This dreamy state, while essential for creativity, needs structure and discipline to transform into actual work. The practical self must therefore study your tendencies objectively, determining which impulses are sound and which lead to inertia. You must learn to be both indulgent and stern with yourself-your own best friend and severest critic. This balance requires developing a keen self-awareness about your creative rhythms and working habits.
This practical self must discover what stimulates your creativity and what dampens it. Certain music might trigger the internal processes that drive you to write - whether it's classical compositions, ambient sounds, or complete silence. Similarly, some friends may benefit your writing self while others deplete it. These influences aren't always obvious; sometimes well-meaning friends who are supportive of your writing might actually drain your creative energy through their constant questions or expectations. After spending time with certain people, observe whether you feel energized and eager to write or drained and uninspired. Choose your social interactions accordingly, regardless of personal affection. This might mean limiting time with certain friends during intensive writing periods or seeking out those whose presence energizes your creative spirit.
Creating and maintaining this protective barrier requires constant vigilance and occasional adjustment. Think of it as a semi-permeable membrane that allows inspiration and constructive feedback to flow in while keeping destructive influences at bay. This barrier isn't about isolation but rather about mindful selection of influences and interactions that serve your creative development.
第 4 章
Harnessing Your Unconscious: The Morning Writing Ritual
The first step toward being a writer is hitching your unconscious mind to your writing arm. Most people drawn to fiction were childhood dreamers, constantly caught in reverie. These daydreams-recasting conversations where we emerge victorious, imagining adventures around the next corner, visualizing ourselves as heroes in our own stories-are the raw material of fiction. With maturity, we learn to objectify these idealized selves, writing about them in third person, transforming personal fantasies into universal stories that resonate with readers.
But many potential writers never make this transition, finding the physical act of writing too laborious compared to effortless daydreaming. Writing requires unused muscles, both mental and physical, and involves extended periods of solitude and immobility. The resistance isn't just physical - it's psychological. The blank page can feel intimidating, and the gap between our imagined stories and our initial attempts to capture them can be discouraging.
The key is to write when the unconscious is ascendant: rise half an hour or a full hour earlier than usual and, without talking, reading, checking emails, or any other activity, begin writing immediately. This time, when your rational mind hasn't fully awakened to its daily concerns, provides unique access to your creative wellspring. The early morning hours offer a sanctuary of quiet, free from the day's distractions and responsibilities.
Write anything-dreams from the night before, activities from yesterday, conversations real or imaginary, childhood memories, or random observations. The quality doesn't matter; you're simply training yourself to write in the twilight between sleep and full wakefulness. Start with whatever word count feels natural - perhaps 250 words. After finding your comfortable word limit, gradually push it ahead-first by sentences, then paragraphs, eventually doubling it. Some writers begin with ten minutes and extend to thirty or forty-five minutes over time.
As you develop this practice, you'll discover more satisfaction from written reverie than from wordless daydreaming. The act of capturing thoughts on paper provides a concrete sense of accomplishment and creates a reservoir of material for future writing projects. When you can wake and begin writing almost on one impulse, without internal resistance or delay, you're ready for the next step. Keep this morning writing practice as a reliable tool for whenever you face creative drought or need to reconnect with your unconscious storytelling mind.
This ritual becomes more than just a writing exercise - it transforms into a meditative practice that bridges your dreaming and waking states, helping to integrate your creative impulses with your craft. Many successful authors, from Virginia Woolf to Ernest Hemingway, have relied on early morning writing sessions to produce their most significant work.
第 5 章
Writing on Schedule: The Critical Commitment
Once the morning writing practice becomes established, you'll find yourself more truly a writer-naturally transforming daily experiences into potential material, seeing life through a writer's lens. Now you're ready to teach yourself to write at a predetermined moment.
Each morning, review your day and identify a fifteen-minute period you can dedicate to writing. Even the busiest person can find fifteen minutes if determined. Once you've decided on this appointment-perhaps at 4:00 PM when work energy wanes-commit to it firmly.
This commitment is crucial: when your designated writing time arrives, you must write, no matter what! If you're in conversation, excuse yourself. If necessary, retreat to a washroom and write leaning against the wall. Write anything-sense or nonsense, limericks or complaints. The content matters less than the act of writing precisely when you promised yourself you would.
Do this daily, choosing a different hour each day. The critical point is writing exactly at the appointed moment, without exception. You'll encounter inner resistance as this begins to "look like business" to your unconscious, which prefers choosing its own occasions. Your mind will present remarkable obstacles disguised as common sense: suggestions to delay slightly, wait for a more convenient moment, or skip today because of a headache. Ignore them all.
Here comes Brande's most solemn warning: if you fail repeatedly at this exercise, give up writing. Your resistance is actually greater than your desire to write, and you may as well find some other outlet for your energy early as late.
第 6 章
The First Survey: Discovering Your Natural Strengths
When you've established both habits-early morning writing and writing by agreement-you've come far on the writer's path. You've gained fluency and control, and learned much about yourself. Until now, it was best to resist rereading your productions. While training yourself in writing facility, critical evaluation wasn't the focus. But now, turning back to your work for an objective survey may prove enlightening about your natural tendencies and strengths.
We're surrounded by words, making it difficult to discover our own rhythms and genuine interests. Those sensitive enough to want to become writers are often too suggestible, falling into imitation of established authors. Apprentice writers often believe they'll become original through imitation, not realizing that the very authors they imitate are writing from native talent according to personal taste, constantly evolving while the imitators are left copying outdated styles.
The best escape from imitation is discovering your own tastes and excellences early. Your pages of morning writing provide perfect laboratory material. Read them as if they were written by a stranger, setting aside preconceptions about your work. The repetitions, recurrent ideas, and frequent prose forms will reveal where your native gift lies.
Those who write dreams, recast the day in ideal form, or craft complete anecdotes often have talent for short stories. Character sketching points the same way, while subtler character analysis and consideration of motives often indicate the novelist. Musing introspection suggests the essay writer, though with drama added could become meditative fiction.
第 7 章
Reading as a Writer: Analytical Immersion
To benefit from corrective reading after self-inventory, learn to consider books as teaching tools for your own improvement. Though many writers resist dissecting beloved works, critical reading actually deepens enjoyment-even bad books become invaluable learning experiences when analyzing their failures. This analytical approach transforms casual reading into a masterclass in writing technique, allowing you to absorb successful storytelling methods while identifying potential pitfalls to avoid.
Initially, read everything twice. First, read rapidly and uncritically as you once did purely for enjoyment, allowing yourself to be swept up in the story's natural flow. Then set it aside for at least a day before returning with pencil and pad for analysis. This cooling-off period helps separate emotional responses from technical assessment. Begin by writing a detailed synopsis and your overall reaction: liked it or didn't, believed it or remained skeptical. Explore why-were characters consistently drawn throughout the narrative arc? Which scenes stood out and why did they work? Was dialogue natural or stylized, and how did it serve character development? How did the author handle situations you find difficult in your own writing, such as action sequences, emotional confrontations, or exposition?
For worthy books, read again slowly and thoroughly, answering your prepared questions. Mark particularly well-executed passages, especially those handling material you find challenging in your own work. Study how authors introduce necessary background information without disrupting narrative flow, or how they maintain tension across chapter breaks. Watch for early clues to the ending-were they smoothly integrated into the story or awkwardly inserted? Look for false clues that distort the author's intention or mislead readers unnecessarily, noting whether they enhance or detract from the overall reading experience.
Read with every faculty alert, treating each page as a lesson in craft. Notice rhythm and pacing - how sentence length varies for effect, how paragraph breaks create dramatic emphasis. Study mannerisms and favorite words, noting both effective repetition and instances where varied vocabulary would strengthen the prose. Analyze character transitions and time passages, particularly how authors bridge gaps in time without losing narrative momentum. Study viewpoint choices-is the author omniscient, limited to one character's perspective, or shifting between multiple characters? How do these choices affect reader engagement and story impact? Examine how the author creates contrast through character relationships, setting descriptions, and tonal shifts. Pay special attention to scene structure - how scenes begin and end, how they build to climactic moments, and how they connect to form larger story arcs.
After analyzing several books thoroughly, you'll develop the ability to read simultaneously for enjoyment and critical insight, transforming your reading time into valuable writing instruction. This dual awareness allows you to maintain the pleasure of reading while building a practical understanding of successful writing techniques.
第 8 章
Learning to See Again: Recapturing Fresh Perception
The writer must preserve the vividness and intensity of interest that a sensitive child feels toward the world. Most adults become wrapped in personal problems, walking blindly through life with attention given to petty matters. This dullness of apprehension is dangerous for writers, causing us to repeatedly mine the same childhood experiences rather than collecting fresh observations.
The genius maintains childlike awareness while most adults only experience intermittent alertness to their surroundings. We become insulated by habit, with only spectacular events breaking through our preoccupations. Many authors seem to tell only one story with recurring elements-Lawrence's heroes dropping into Lancashire dialect, Jameson's heroines succeeding at advertising, Norris's blue mixing bowls in sunny kitchens. We're tempted to reuse emotionally valuable material, which is fine if well-executed, but often reveals laziness.
You can strip away preoccupations and turn attention outward again. Follow Henry James's advice to "be one of the people on whom nothing is lost." Set aside time daily to recapture a childlike "innocence of eye," deliberately gathering new material. Notice how vividly you see a strange place when first encountering it. Apply this awareness to familiar surroundings by refusing to take them for granted.
For fifteen minutes, notice and describe everything your eyes rest on-colors, sounds, smells, textures. Walk strange streets, visit exhibitions, or view movies in unfamiliar neighborhoods to practice fresh seeing. Even your daily environment can be seen anew with deliberate attention.
This practice of fresh observation enriches your writing immediately. Beyond adding new material, you stir latent memories, releasing forgotten experiences and associations from your depths. This explains the inexhaustible resources of true genius-everything experienced becomes available for use. By refusing indifference and boredom, you can reach and revive every aspect of your life for your writing.
第 9 章
The Source of Originality: Your Unique Perspective
Though commonplace, the advice that writers must turn to themselves for material deserves examination to clarify what constitutes true "originality." Every writer has one unique contribution: their personal comprehension of the world. Your singular combination of parents, time, experiences, and conclusions makes your perspective invaluable-if you can access it honestly rather than seeing through others' eyes.
Editors and teachers prize originality above all but rarely explain it, sometimes pointing to exemplary writers like Faulkner or Buck. This leads aspiring writers to produce imitations rather than finding their own voice. True originality comes from contributing your unique perception-no one else was born of your parents, at your time, with your experiences and conclusions. If you can honestly express your genuine perspective, originality inevitably follows.
The virtue of great writers is their refusal to imitate others. Each has transcribed their personal vision with forthrightness and vigor, creating work that springs from their core personality. Even when avoiding imitation, writers often distort their stories in pursuit of originality-planting dramatic explosions at the crisis, twisting conclusions, or forcing characters to act inconsistently.
Stringent honesty provides the best foundation for consistency in your work. Discovering what you truly believe about life's major matters enables honest, original writing. Some beginners hesitate to commit, knowing today's beliefs may change tomorrow. But we must write from our present perspective, however incomplete-waiting for final wisdom means reaching your deathbed with your contribution still unmade.
Your unique perspective is what makes your writing valuable, not finding unprecedented dramatic situations. Even with only thirty-six basic dramatic situations (according to Georges Polti), it's how you present your character's dilemma that makes your story truly your own. No situation is inherently trite-only the treatment can be dull.
第 10 章
The Writer's Magic: Accessing Your Creative Genius
The writer's nature is not dual but triple. Beyond the conscious and unconscious minds, there exists a third member-one's individual endowment of genius, appearing either feebly or strongly, constantly or spasmodically. This faculty provides those flashes of insight, penetrating intuitions, and imagination that transmute ordinary experience into "the illusion of a higher reality"-all necessities of art and interpretation of life.
While "genius cannot be taught," this truth is misleading. You cannot add to your natural endowment through conscious effort, but even at its feeblest, this faculty has resources fuller than you can exhaust. What matters is learning to use what you already possess. The "geniuses" we admire simply freed more of this faculty in their work than others. No human is without some trace of genius, yet none comes close to using their inheritance fully.
Often this release happens accidentally. Many artists rely on this energy without recognizing it, attributing their success to "getting into stride" or experiencing mysterious moments when ideas return "rounded and completed." Writers' seemingly idiosyncratic habits during creative gestation-horseback riding, knitting, shuffling cards, walking-share a common denominator: they're rhythmical, monotonous, and wordless. These activities induce a light hypnotic state where attention is just held without serious demand.
The key to accessing this creative genius is simple yet profound: learn to hold your mind as still as your body. For some, this comes naturally; others discover their minds are surprisingly busy-"skittering around like a water bug" or chattering like a monkey. With practice, however, your mind will grow quiet enough for your purposes.
Once you've achieved some mental stillness, try holding a story idea or character in your mind, letting your stillness center around that. The results are almost incredible-academic ideas take on color and form, puppet characters begin to move and breathe. After thinking about your story, lie in a dim room, flat on your back. Make your body quiet, then quiet your mind. Remain there, not quite asleep, not quite awake. After twenty minutes to two hours, you'll feel a definite impulse to rise-a surge of energy. Obey immediately. You'll be in a slightly somnambulistic state, indifferent to everything except what you're about to write. This is the state an artist works in.
第 11 章
Practical Habits for the Working Writer
After the profound insights of previous chapters, practical advice for the working writer's daily habits and tools can make the difference between productivity and procrastination.
Learn to typewrite and, if possible, compose directly on the typewriter. Handwritten first drafts are often wasteful unless you write very rapidly and clearly. However, test both methods-some writers lose certain qualities when switching to machine writing. Professional writers should own both a standard machine and a portable with matching typefaces. This allows writing anywhere, anytime.
Experiment with various pencils and papers to find what suits you best. For manuscripts, use a good sixteen-pound paper rather than heavy, impressive bond that creates bulky packages showing wear quickly.
Train yourself to work immediately upon sitting at your machine or settling with pad and pencil. If you catch yourself dreaming or biting your pencil, move to the corner of the room until you have your first sentence ready. When unable to finish in one sitting, make a specific commitment to resume before leaving your desk-this acts like a posthypnotic suggestion, helping you maintain consistency in style.
If you habitually postpone writing until after morning coffee, fill a thermos bottle the night before. This clever trick thwarts your unconscious mind's excuses for delay. For those who drink excessive coffee while writing, try replacing half with mate, a South American tea-like beverage that's stimulating yet innocuous.
When working on lengthy manuscripts where avoiding reading seems unbearable, choose books completely unlike your work: technical books, history, or ideally, books in other languages. Periodically indulge in book and magazine buying sprees. Study publications to understand editors' requirements. Purchase a good fiction market handbook, and whenever you discover editors seeking manuscripts similar to your interests, obtain copies of their magazines for study.
By following these practical and psychological principles, you've made yourself into a good instrument for your own genius-flexible and sturdy, like a good tool. You know what it feels like to work as an artist. Now you're finally ready to benefit from technical books on writing fiction.
