Лучшая цитата из La dimension politique de la guerre : de Clausewitz au chaos
La guerre est la continuation de la politique par d'autres moyens. Même si aujourd'hui elle se joue avec des cyberattaques ou de la désinformation, le fond reste le même : on se bat pour le pouvoir.
Этот аудиоурок был создан участником сообщества BeFreed
axe un programme d'AG GSP de terminale sur la guerre et la paix, la dimension politique de la guerre conflit interétatique aux enjeux transnationaux
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In his 1832 treatise On War, Carl von Clausewitz distinguishes between these two concepts to explain how conflict functions in practice. Absolute war is a theoretical ideal representing total, limitless violence aimed at the complete destruction of the enemy. In contrast, real war is the version we see in the physical world, which is always constrained by external factors such as political objectives, moral considerations, resources, and chance.
The Clausewitzian trinity consists of three pillars: the reason of the State, the talent and chance of the Army, and the passion of the People. In the modern era, this balance is heavily influenced by technology. For example, the "passion of the people" is now amplified by social media and the 24-hour news cycle, where viral information or disinformation can saturate the public mind and force the hands of political leaders.
Negative peace refers simply to the absence of active fighting or the "silence of arms," such as a ceasefire where the underlying causes of the conflict remain unresolved. Positive peace is a more durable state that addresses the root causes of violence, such as inequality or ethnic hatred. It often involves "transitional justice," which includes reconciliation efforts and the rebuilding of institutions to ensure long-term stability.
Asymmetric warfare occurs when a "weaker" actor uses unconventional tactics—like guerrilla warfare, terrorism, or cyberattacks—to bypass the military strength of a "stronger" state. Hybrid wars blur the lines between traditional combat and other forms of pressure, such as economic sabotage, the use of "proxies" (interposed groups like militias), and cognitive warfare, which uses disinformation and AI-generated content to manipulate public perception and destabilize the enemy's mind.
The Middle East exemplifies the transition from classic inter-state wars to complex, internationalized hybrid conflicts. It features a mix of regular armies, non-state actors like Daech (ISIS), and foreign powers acting through proxies to maintain "plausible deniability." The region also highlights the link between local geography and global economy, as seen when tensions in maritime straits like Hormuz immediately impact global energy prices and trade.
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Создано выпускниками Колумбийского университета в Сан-Франциско
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Создано выпускниками Колумбийского университета в Сан-Франциско
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
