
In "Determined," neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky challenges free will itself, arguing our choices are predetermined by biology and environment. His provocative thesis has ignited debates on justice, morality, and responsibility. Could accepting determinism actually create a more compassionate society?
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Have you ever made a decision you later couldn't explain? Or felt an inexplicable urge to act against your better judgment? These aren't anomalies-they're glimpses into a profound truth that Stanford neurobiologist Robert Sapolsky reveals in "Determined": free will is an illusion. This isn't some abstract philosophical claim. It's a conclusion drawn from decades of rigorous scientific research showing that every choice we make results from prior causes-our biology, experiences, and environments-none of which we chose. Our decisions are determined by neurons firing in our brain seconds earlier, influenced by thoughts from minutes before, shaped by hormones circulating days earlier, built upon neural connections formed over years, programmed during childhood, and influenced by genes we never selected. It's causes all the way down-like the old woman who claimed the world rested on a turtle, and when asked what that turtle stood on, triumphantly declared, "It's turtles all the way down!" This matters profoundly. If we lack free will, can anyone truly deserve praise or blame? Can punishment as retribution ever be justified? And is anyone genuinely entitled to better treatment than others? These questions challenge our most fundamental beliefs about choice, responsibility, and human dignity.
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Создано выпускниками Колумбийского университета в Сан-Франциско
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Создано выпускниками Колумбийского университета в Сан-Франциско

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