Discover why outer space isn't the empty void most people imagine, but contains matter, energy, and even temperature. Join us as we explore the fascinating reality beyond our atmosphere.

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From Columbia University alumni built in San Francisco

**Lena:** Hey there, space enthusiasts! Welcome to our cosmic journey today. Miles, I was just thinking about how most of us have this image of outer space as this completely empty void, but that's not really accurate, is it?
**Miles:** Not at all, Lena. It's one of those misconceptions that's really persistent. Space is actually far from empty! It contains ultra-low particle densities, mostly hydrogen and helium plasma, along with electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and even dust.
**Lena:** Wait, so there's actual stuff out there between planets and stars? I thought it was just... nothing.
**Miles:** You know, that's what most people think! But there's this fascinating fact from our sources - about half of all the ordinary matter in the universe is actually found in the plasma between galaxies. We're talking about less than one hydrogen atom per cubic meter, but across the vastness of space, that adds up.
**Lena:** That's mind-blowing. And the temperature out there is what, absolute zero?
**Miles:** Actually, no! That's another misconception. The baseline temperature of outer space is about 2.7 Kelvin, which is around -270°C or -455°F. It's incredibly cold by our standards, but not absolute zero. It's set by the background radiation left over from the Big Bang.
**Lena:** Fascinating! So we have this nearly-perfect vacuum that still contains matter, energy, and even has a temperature. I'm curious though - where does Earth's atmosphere actually end and space begin?
**Miles:** That's where it gets really interesting. There's no sharp boundary! Let's explore how scientists have tried to define where space actually begins and why the Kármán line at 100 kilometers above Earth has become the conventional starting point of outer space.