
"Grand Transitions" explores how five fundamental shifts shaped our modern world. Bill Gates calls it a "masterpiece" by "one of my favorite thinkers," though warns it's not light reading. Discover why this 4.09-rated analysis of civilization's complex interdependencies has become essential for understanding our future.
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Imagine waking up in 19th century rural France: you'd draw water from a well, rarely bathe, share a cramped bed with siblings, travel only by foot, gather firewood for fuel, and perform constant farm labor. Your life would resemble that of ancestors from three centuries earlier. Yet your grandson in the early 1900s would live with electricity and gas heating, ride streetcars, contemplate buying a car, and vacation on the coast - a life more similar to ours than to yours. This dramatic contrast illustrates what Vaclav Smil calls "grand transitions" - five fundamental shifts in population, agriculture, energy, economy, and environment that created our modern world. These transitions didn't happen simultaneously or uniformly across societies. They followed S-shaped trajectories, beginning slowly with traditional practices often continuing to gain importance even as innovations appeared. Consider American draft horses, which actually increased from 17.5 million in the 1880s to 26.6 million by 1917, despite automobiles and tractors already being introduced. Only by 1950 had their numbers fallen to 7.6 million, completing an 80-year transition.
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Creato da alumni della Columbia University a San Francisco
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Creato da alumni della Columbia University a San Francisco

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