Who invented the traffic signal?
Street crossings used to be deadly chaos. Discover how Garrett Morgan’s life-saving invention transformed road safety and the way we drive today.
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He wasn't the very first person to put a light on a pole, but he was the one who recognized the necessity of the transition period. He took that personal anxiety and turned it into a universal safety standard.
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Who invented the the traffic signal
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Before Morgan’s invention, electric traffic signals typically only had two settings: "Stop" and "Go." This caused frequent accidents because there was no transition period, leaving drivers stranded in the middle of intersections when the light suddenly changed. Morgan recognized the need for a "caution" interval, which he designed as a third position on a T-shaped pole that signaled a stop in all directions. This "all-stop" phase allowed pedestrians to cross safely and cleared the intersection of vehicles before cross-traffic began to move, forming the conceptual basis for the modern yellow light.
Because of the systemic racism of the early 20th century, Morgan struggled to sell his life-saving breathing device to fire departments, particularly in the South. To overcome this, he hired a white actor to pose as the inventor during demonstrations while Morgan disguised himself as a Native American assistant named "Big Chief Mason." In these demonstrations, Morgan would wear the mask and enter smoke-filled tents to prove the device's effectiveness. His invention later gained national attention in 1916 when he and his brother used the hoods to rescue survivors from a toxic, gas-filled tunnel explosion under Lake Erie.
While working in his sewing machine repair shop, Morgan was searching for a chemical polish to prevent high-speed needles from scorching wool fabric. After wiping some of the experimental liquid on a cloth, he noticed the fibers stood perfectly straight. After testing the substance on a neighbor’s dog and then himself, he realized he had discovered a hair straightener. He established the G.A. Morgan Hair Refining Company, and the resulting profits provided him with the financial "runway" to dedicate his time to public safety inventions like the gas mask and the traffic signal.
While other individuals like Detroit police officer William Potts developed three-light systems around the same time, Morgan was an independent entrepreneur who successfully secured patents for his design in the U.S., Britain, and Canada. Because Potts was a municipal employee, he was legally barred from patenting his invention. Morgan’s 1923 patent formalized the "caution" phase as a legal standard, which he eventually sold to General Electric for $40,000. This patent allowed the three-position system to be mass-produced and standardized across the country.
Morgan was a dedicated "social entrepreneur" who used his wealth to establish vital infrastructure for the Black community in Cleveland. He founded the Cleveland Call (later the Call and Post), which became one of the most influential Black newspapers in the United States. Additionally, he was a long-time member of the NAACP, donated to historically Black colleges, and even opened a private country club for African Americans in Wakeman, Ohio, providing a space for recreation during an era of strict segregation.
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Creado por exalumnos de la Universidad de Columbia en San Francisco
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
