On His Own Terms by Richard Norton Smith Summary

On His Own Terms is a comprehensive biography of Nelson Rockefeller, chronicling his political career as a four-term New York governor, vice president under Gerald Ford, and his role as a progressive Republican. Richard Norton Smith explores Rockefeller’s policy achievements, personal struggles, and legacy, emphasizing his efforts to redefine the Rockefeller name through public service and philanthropy.

This book appeals to political history enthusiasts, readers interested in 20th-century American leadership, and those studying progressive Republicanism. It’s ideal for anyone seeking insights into Rockefeller’s complex persona, his impact on New York politics, or the challenges of bridging wealth and public service.

Yes. Praised as “one of the greatest cradle-to-grave biographies” (Douglas Brinkley), Smith’s 14-year research effort offers a nuanced portrait of Rockefeller’s ambitions, policy innovations, and personal contradictions. Its blend of political depth and personal drama makes it a standout in political biography.

Rockefeller reshaped New York through progressive policies on civil rights, education, and infrastructure. Nationally, he symbolized moderate Republicanism but faced resistance from his party’s conservative shift. His vice presidency under Ford, though short-lived, highlighted his resilience in navigating political marginalization.

As governor (1959–1973), Rockefeller expanded the state university system, championed civil rights legislation, and launched large-scale infrastructure projects. His use of bond financing for public works, though controversial, transformed New York’s urban landscape.

Smith details Rockefeller’s frustrating tenure as vice president (1974–1977), where he clashed with Ford loyalists like Donald Rumsfeld. Despite his influence as governor, Rockefeller struggled with limited power in Washington, culminating in Ford dropping him from the 1976 ticket.

The biography examines Rockefeller’s divorce and swift remarriage, which damaged his presidential aspirations, alongside his complex relationship with his family’s wealth. Smith also highlights his extramarital affairs, portraying a man driven by both idealism and impulsivity.

Smith balances admiration for Rockefeller’s policy vision with candid analysis of his flaws. He frames Rockefeller as a tragic figure—a progressive increasingly out of step with his party yet committed to public service until his death in 1979.

Unlike shorter accounts, Smith’s 900-page work combines exhaustive archival research with narrative flair. It stands out for its focus on Rockefeller’s state-level impact and his symbolic struggle to modernize the Republican Party.

Key themes include the tension between wealth and public accountability, the decline of moderate Republicanism, and the personal costs of political ambition. Smith also underscores Rockefeller’s belief in government as a force for social good.

Some reviewers note the book’s length and dense policy details. However, most praise Smith’s ability to humanize Rockefeller while contextualizing his era, calling it the definitive account of his life.

Rockefeller’s efforts to address inequality through public-private partnerships and his battles with party polarization mirror modern debates. His career offers lessons on leadership during societal transformation.

A presidential historian and former library director, Smith leverages unmatched access to archives and firsthand accounts. His expertise in institutional history enriches the analysis of Rockefeller’s governorship and Washington dealings.