Age of Anger by Pankaj Mishra Summary

Age of Anger explores the historical roots of modern global discontent, tracing today’s rage-driven politics to the unfulfilled promises of the Enlightenment. Mishra links figures like Rousseau, Nietzsche, and 19th-century anarchists to contemporary movements (populism, religious extremism) to argue that systemic inequality and broken ideals fuel mass disillusionment.

This book suits readers interested in political philosophy, historical patterns of resentment, and the psychological drivers of modern crises. It’s particularly relevant for those analyzing populism, ideological extremism, or the dark side of globalization.

Yes, for its bold analysis of global rage’s historical continuity. While some critics note disjointed pacing, Mishra’s synthesis of philosophy and current events offers fresh insights into today’s polarized world.

Mishra frames populism as a backlash against the Enlightenment’s failed egalitarian promises. He argues that globalization deepened inequality, creating a “ressentiment” (existential bitterness) exploited by demagogues.

Rousseau is portrayed as a proto-modern critic of progress, whose ideas on inequality and moral decay prefigured today’s alienated individuals. Mishra positions him as an early voice of anti-establishment rage.

No—Mishra diagnoses systemic flaws (hyper-competitiveness, toxic globalization) but avoids prescriptive fixes. The book emphasizes understanding historical cycles over proposing remedies.

Adapted from Nietzsche, “ressentiment” describes a collective bitterness among those marginalized by modernity. Mishra argues it drives anti-liberal movements, from fascism to religious fundamentalism.

Globalization’s “dark side” uproots traditional communities, exacerbates inequality, and creates a disillusioned underclass. Mishra links this to the rise of violent ideologies and anti-democratic leaders.

Some reviewers argue Mishra’s narrative lacks structural cohesion, jumping erratically between historical examples. Others note his focus on male intellectuals overlooks broader societal dynamics.

The Enlightenment’s promise of universal progress created unrealistic expectations. Mishra shows how its failure to deliver bred competitive individualism and systemic exclusion, seeding modern rage.

1. Modern anger has deep historical roots.
2. Globalization intensifies inequality and alienation.
3. Demagogues exploit “ressentiment” to undermine democracy.
4. Enlightenment ideals paradoxically fuel disillusionment.

Unlike economic-focused works (e.g., Piketty), Mishra emphasizes psychological and cultural drivers of discontent. It complements analyses of populism but offers a broader historical lens.