What is *Heart: A History* by Sandeep Jauhar about?

*Heart: A History* explores the medical, cultural, and emotional significance of the heart through a blend of scientific discoveries, philosophical reflections, and personal narratives. Cardiologist Sandeep Jauhar traces humanity’s evolving understanding of the heart—from ancient beliefs to modern breakthroughs—while weaving in stories of patients, pioneers, and his own family’s struggles with heart disease. The book underscores the interconnectedness of the physical organ and its symbolic role in human experience.

Who should read *Heart: A History*?

This book is ideal for readers interested in medical history, cardiology, or memoirs that blend science with personal storytelling. Healthcare professionals, students, and anyone curious about the heart’s dual role as a biological pump and a cultural metaphor will find it compelling. Fans of authors like Atul Gawande will appreciate Jauhar’s introspective yet accessible approach.

Is *Heart: A History* worth reading?

Yes—it was shortlisted for the 2019 Wellcome Book Prize and praised for its gripping storytelling and insightful analysis. Jauhar’s mix of historical anecdotes (e.g., self-experimentation by early cardiologists), cutting-edge science, and candid personal experiences (including his own heart health crisis) offers a unique lens to understand humanity’s relationship with this vital organ.

What are the key themes in *Heart: A History*?

Key themes include the tension between the heart’s biological function and its symbolic meaning, the ethical dilemmas in cardiac medicine, and the impact of emotional well-being on physical health. Jauhar argues that social connection and stress reduction are as critical to heart health as medical interventions—a idea supported by studies cited in the book.

What medical breakthroughs are discussed in *Heart: A History*?

The book highlights milestones like the discovery of heparin (derived from salamander brains), the first cardiac catheterization performed on oneself by Werner Forssmann, and the development of artificial hearts. Jauhar also examines contemporary advances, such as gene editing and wearable cardiac tech, while questioning their ethical implications.

What memorable quotes are in *Heart: A History*?

A standout quote is: *“If the heart bestows life and death, it also instigates metaphor.”* This reflects Jauhar’s thesis that the heart’s physical and symbolic roles are inseparable. Another poignant line—*“from birth until death, it beats nearly three billion times”*—emphasizes its relentless, life-sustaining labor.

How does Sandeep Jauhar’s personal story fit into the book?

Jauhar intertwines his family’s history of heart disease with his own diagnosis of arterial blockages in middle age. He candidly recounts his grandfather’s fatal heart attack, his father’s dementia, and his brother’s role in diagnosing his cardiac issues, adding emotional depth to the scientific narrative.

Are there criticisms of *Heart: A History*?

Some readers may find the technical details of cardiology dense, though Jauhar balances them with relatable anecdotes. The book’s hybrid structure—part memoir, part medical history—could feel disjointed to those seeking a purely clinical or narrative focus. However, most reviews praise its originality and accessibility.

心脏传

一段历史

桑迪普·朱哈尔

4.08(3439 Reviews)

《心脏传》概述

心脏病专家桑迪普·朱哈尔（Sandeep Jauhar）的著作《心脏：一段历史》（Heart: A History）将医学突破与个人故事交织在一起，入围了惠康图书奖（Wellcome Book Prize）决赛。是什么让这本 PBS NewsHour 读书俱乐部的选书具有革命性？它提出了一个深刻的论点：我们的生活方式选择——而非技术——才是心脏健康的关键。

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第 1 章

The Beating Mystery: A Journey Through the Heart's Chambers

What if the organ that keeps you alive is also plotting your demise? This question haunted cardiologist Sandeep Jauhar after a routine chest CT scan revealed unexpected coronary artery calcifications in his own heart at age forty-five. Despite his reassuringly low 2% ten-year heart attack risk according to standard calculators, Jauhar knew better-as an Indian immigrant with a strong family history of heart disease, including two grandfathers who died suddenly from cardiac events, he was staring at his likely cause of death. "Heart" has become a cultural phenomenon since its 2018 publication, praised by Siddhartha Mukherjee as "moving and profound" and featured on NPR's Fresh Air. The book masterfully weaves medical history with personal narrative, exploring how this fist-sized organ that beats nearly three billion times in a lifetime has captivated human imagination across cultures while simultaneously becoming the leading killer worldwide since 1910.

第 2 章

The Emotional Pump: Where Biology Meets Metaphor

The heart has always occupied a special place in human consciousness. Unlike other organs, it's self-sustaining, pumping blood to itself without depending on brain function. Throughout history, cultures have associated it with life force-Egyptians preserved it during mummification while Aztecs offered beating hearts to gods. Even today, families struggle to accept brain death when a heart still beats. But the heart's significance extends far beyond its biological function. Its metaphorical importance spans cultures and centuries, symbolizing courage, love, and our deepest feelings. The word "courage" itself derives from Latin "cor" meaning heart. Shakespeare explored this motif extensively, particularly in Antony and Cleopatra, where the heart represents both bravery and romantic passion. The valentine heart shape, a cardioid found in nature, began appearing in paintings of lovers in the thirteenth century, eventually colored red to symbolize passion. Heart metaphors permeate our language: "take heart" (courage), "speak from the heart" (sincerity), "learn by heart" (memorize), and "heart of hearts" (deepest feelings). We describe hearts as having dimensions, materials, temperature, and geography-the center of a place is its "heart." What makes the heart uniquely fascinating is how its biological reality intertwines with its metaphorical significance. The heart is extraordinarily sensitive to our emotional system. Studies show heartbreak can literally cause heart attacks; loveless marriages lead to heart disease. A 2004 study of nearly 30,000 patients found psychosocial factors were as strong risk factors for heart attacks as high blood pressure and nearly as important as diabetes. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken-heart syndrome, perfectly illustrates this mind-heart connection. In this condition, the heart acutely weakens after extreme stress or grief, ballooning into the shape of a Japanese octopus trap. Predominantly affecting women, it causes chest pain, shortness of breath, and even heart failure. Cases have been reported following public speaking, gambling losses, domestic disputes, even surprise parties. "Outbreaks" occur after natural disasters-a 24-fold increase was documented after a major earthquake in Japan. The biological heart and its metaphorical counterpart overlap in surprising ways, reminding us that this vital organ is not just a pump but a living embodiment of our emotional lives.

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第 3 章

The Heart's Mechanical Marvel: From Mystery to Understanding

For most of human history, the heart's function remained mysterious. Ancient civilizations recognized its importance without understanding its mechanics. William Harvey, born in Kent in 1578, finally upended Galen's theories of circulation through ingenious experiments demonstrating that the heart is a pump and blood circulates continuously in a closed circuit. In his 72-page monograph "De motu cordis" (1628), Harvey disproved Galen's claims about air or spirits in vessels by tying off arteries with ligatures. He calculated that if blood were consumed as Galen believed, the liver would need to produce 500 pounds of blood per hour-an impossibility. Though Harvey understood the how of circulation, he never grasped its purpose or why venous and arterial blood differed in color, as oxygen's role remained unknown. Modern understanding shows that the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where oxygen is added, then oxygen-rich blood passes through the left heart to nourish the body before returning through veins to complete the cycle. One-way valves prevent backflow, with valve defects impairing circulation. This mechanical understanding of the heart was hard-won through centuries of observation and experimentation. The heart's complexity as a biological machine continues to fascinate scientists and physicians, who must balance respect for its intricate design with the need to intervene when it fails. When we examine a human heart-whether in an anatomy lab or during surgery-we confront both its mechanical precision and its profound vulnerability. A healthy heart is the size of two clasped hands, with thick-walled left ventricle and thinner right ventricle working in concert. But this marvel of biological engineering is susceptible to numerous threats, from congenital defects to atherosclerotic plaque that can trigger fatal heart attacks. The journey from viewing the heart as untouchable to understanding it as a repairable machine represents one of medicine's greatest achievements, enabling interventions that have saved countless lives.

第 4 章

Breaking Barriers: The Pioneers Who Dared to Touch the Heart

Until the early nineteenth century, the heart was considered surgically untouchable. Aristotle had written that "the heart alone of all the viscera cannot withstand injury," and Galen noted heart wounds in gladiators were invariably fatal. Cardiac wounds were treated with absolute quiet and leeches, resulting in over 90% mortality. By the late nineteenth century, attitudes began changing. In 1881, surgeon John Bingham Roberts suggested heart wounds might someday be treated surgically. German doctor M. Block demonstrated successful heart suturing in rabbits, while Charles Albert Elsberg's animal experiments showed hearts could withstand more manipulation than previously believed. Daniel Williams made history in 1893 when he operated on stabbing victim James Cornish, suturing a lacerated artery and the pericardium while noting but leaving alone a clotted wound in the right ventricle. Cornish recovered and walked out of the hospital nearly two months later, ultimately outliving Williams by twelve years. Though Williams claimed the first successful pericardial suture, Ludwig Rehn performed the first true heart muscle repair in 1896, suturing a ventricle laceration in Wilhelm Justus, a stabbed gardener. At a Berlin surgical meeting, Rehn later declared "the feasibility of cardiac repair no longer remains in doubt," encouraging further exploration of cardiac surgery. By 1907, Rehn reported 120 heart surgeries worldwide with 40% success-a fourfold improvement over non-surgical treatment. However, the full development of heart surgery would take decades more, as surgeons faced the challenge of isolating and stopping the heart without causing brain damage. The fundamental question remained: could nature's ultimate machine be temporarily replaced by a man-made pump? The answer would come through the development of the heart-lung machine, described as "among the boldest and most successful feats of man's mind." Conceived by John Gibbon in 1930, it took nearly twenty-five years to develop, delayed by economic depression, world war, and cultural resistance to mechanically replacing "the organ that houses the soul." Without such a machine, cardiac surgeons faced an impossible dilemma: once the heart is stopped, the brain suffers irreversible damage after just 3-5 minutes without oxygen, yet most heart repairs require at least 10 minutes to complete.

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第 5 章

Ingenious Solutions: Cross-Circulation and the Heart-Lung Machine

C. Walton Lillehei, perhaps the most innovative surgeon of the twentieth century, believed there was an alternative to the heart-lung machine. A cancer survivor with a 25% chance of living five years, Lillehei approached death with unusual courage that fueled his surgical innovations. In his modest attic lab at the University of Minnesota, Lillehei developed "controlled cross-circulation"-inspired by mother-fetus circulation. He connected two anesthetized dogs through a milk pump that pushed equal amounts of blood between them, allowing one dog to serve as heart and lungs for the other while its heart was stopped for surgery. After successful animal trials, Lillehei sought to apply this bizarre but ingenious technique to humans with congenital heart defects-a proposal that shocked his colleagues as the first operation with potential to kill two people. Lillehei's first human cross-circulation patient was thirteen-month-old Gregory Glidden, whose older sister had died from the same ventricular septal defect. Using the boy's father as a donor, Lillehei connected them via a beer hose and milk pump, with the father's heart and lungs keeping both alive while Lillehei repaired the dime-sized hole in Gregory's heart. Though Gregory died eleven days later from pneumonia, his VSD remained closed. Undeterred, Lillehei continued using cross-circulation with some success, though a streak of deaths and complications-including a donor mother suffering brain damage-led to criticism. He eventually abandoned the technique after performing forty-five operations with twenty-eight survivors, a 40% mortality rate that was still better than the natural prognosis for uncorrected defects. Meanwhile, John Gibbon partnered with IBM to scale his heart-lung machine for humans, solving problems like blood cell damage and clotting. Despite seventeen failures across various centers attempting similar technology, Gibbon achieved the first success in 1953 with eighteen-year-old Cecelia Bavolek, repairing her atrial septal defect during 30 minutes of machine-supported circulation. Today's compact heart-lung machines enable over one million cardiac operations annually worldwide. The invention revolutionized cardiac surgery, dropping mortality rates from 50% to 10% within just two years, making even complex congenital defects routinely repairable.

第 6 章

Exploring the Heart's Highways: Coronary Interventions

The question of why coronary artery disease develops vexed mid-century scientists even as treatments advanced. The Framingham Heart Study, begun shortly after World War II in Massachusetts, would provide crucial answers and almost single-handedly define modern heart disease science. This groundbreaking longitudinal study, launched in 1948, selected the town of Framingham for its stable population and proximity to Boston's medical facilities. The study emerged from necessity-cardiovascular disease caused nearly half of all U.S. deaths in the 1940s, yet medical understanding was minimal. Doctors didn't even know that myocardial infarction resulted from coronary artery obstruction. This ignorance claimed many victims, including President Franklin Roosevelt, whose untreated hypertension reached life-threatening levels before his death from stroke in 1945 at age 63. His blood pressure had soared to 300/190 mmHg, yet contemporary medical wisdom considered hypertension necessary to push blood through aging arteries. After ten years of monitoring 5,200 patients through detailed examinations, blood tests, and electrocardiograms, researchers published landmark findings in 1957 showing hypertension increased coronary heart disease risk nearly fourfold. Subsequent publications identified additional risk factors including diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking. The study revealed that men with cholesterol levels above 245 mg/dL had three times the risk of heart disease. Framingham introduced the term "risk factor" in 1961 and later developed a formula to calculate ten-year heart disease risk, revolutionizing preventive cardiology. While scientists understood disease mechanisms, visualizing coronary blockages remained challenging until 1958, when Mason Sones accidentally discovered coronary angiography when his catheter slipped into a patient's right coronary artery at Cleveland Clinic. Initially terrified he'd killed his patient, Sones instead witnessed the first clear images of coronary arteries in a living person. This breakthrough allowed physicians to pinpoint coronary blockages using dye and X-rays, though developing treatments would take another two decades. Charles Dotter, an eccentric radiologist nicknamed "Crazy Charlie" for his unconventional approaches, pioneered angioplasty in 1964 on Laura Shaw, an 82-year-old with a blocked leg artery facing amputation. Using a series of progressively larger catheters, he successfully reopened her artery, and she walked out of the hospital on her own feet. Despite widespread publicity, including features in Time and Life magazines, Dotter faced fierce criticism from conservative colleagues, being called "a nut" with "poorly documented case experience." Andreas Gruentzig refined Dotter's technique by adding an inflatable balloon to the catheter, a breakthrough inspired by a latex balloon he saw at a toy store. After extensive testing on dogs and cadavers, Gruentzig performed the first human balloon angioplasty in 1974 in Zurich, and the first coronary angioplasty in 1977. His patient, Adolph Bachmann, lived for another 30 years after the procedure. Today, several million angioplasties are performed worldwide yearly, with most using drug-coated stents to prevent restenosis, achieving success rates above 90% in appropriate candidates.

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第 7 章

The Heart's Electrical Symphony: Rhythm and Disruption

The heart functions fundamentally as an electrical organ, with each of its three billion lifetime beats beginning in the sinoatrial node-the natural pacemaker. Electrical impulses travel through specialized conductive tissue, slowing at the atrioventricular node before branching through the ventricles like tree roots. This coordinated electrical activity causes near-simultaneous ventricular contraction, pumping blood to the lungs and body. George Mines, a Cambridge-educated physiologist and former piano prodigy, made two fundamental discoveries in cardiac electrophysiology. First, he identified that small electrical channels outside normal conduction pathways could create self-sustaining circuits-a phenomenon he called "reentry." If one side of such a circuit recovers excitability before an impulse completes its journey, the impulse can circulate indefinitely, usurping the heart's natural pacemaker. Mines also discovered the "vulnerable period"-a brief 10-millisecond window during each cardiac cycle when even a normal heart can be triggered into fibrillation-explaining why healthy athletes can die from chest impacts. Tragically, Mines died in 1914 at age 28, likely from self-experimentation on the vulnerable period. Ventricular fibrillation-the most common cause of cardiovascular death in the Western world-occurs when rapid, chaotic electrical impulses cause the heart to quiver ineffectively rather than pump. Though blood flow essentially stops, the heart continues its violent, uncoordinated contractions. Following Mines's work, researchers explored using man-made electricity to control failing hearts. Paul Zoll developed external pacing for complete heart block in the postwar years. The revolutionary concept of implantable pacemakers emerged from Walt Lillehei's team at the University of Minnesota, with the first successful implant in a six-year-old girl in January 1957. A long-term solution emerged when Wilson Greatbatch accidentally installed the wrong resistor in a circuit, creating a pulse that mimicked the human heartbeat. Working with surgeon William Chardack, Greatbatch developed the first implantable pacemaker, successfully tested in humans in 1960. The implantable defibrillator came from Michel Mirowski, a Holocaust survivor whose close friend died of ventricular tachycardia. Despite rejection from medical journals and manufacturers, Mirowski persisted. The FDA approved his device in 1985, paving the way for countless patients to benefit from this life-saving technology.

第 8 章

When Hearts Fail: Transplantation and Artificial Hearts

Heart failure represents the final common pathway for many cardiac diseases, where damaged heart muscle leads to weakened contractions and reduced blood flow. The body compensates by releasing hormones that increase heart rate and cause the kidneys to retain water, temporarily maintaining blood pressure but ultimately causing fluid to accumulate throughout the body. Half of heart failure patients die within five years of diagnosis. Heart transplantation offers the definitive treatment, with modern survival rates reaching 85% at one year-four times better than medication alone. By the 1960s, pioneering surgeons Christiaan Barnard and Norman Shumway were racing to perform the first human heart transplant. Barnard won on December 3, 1967, when his patient, Louis Washkansky, received a heart from a young woman with brain damage from a car accident. Though Washkansky survived only eighteen days, the procedure demonstrated feasibility. Today, heart transplantation boasts excellent outcomes with median survival exceeding twelve years. Yet this success is bittersweet-only about 3,000 Americans receive transplants annually while 4,000 wait on the list and perhaps 40,000 could benefit. As Vanderbilt cardiologist Lynne Warner Stevenson put it, "Relying on transplants to cure heart failure is a bit like relying on the lottery to cure poverty." For half a century, creating a mechanical replacement heart has been cardiology's great ambition. The first permanent artificial heart was implanted in Barney Clark on December 2, 1982. Clark received the Jarvik-7, an aluminum-and-plastic heart powered by a 400-pound air compressor. Though he survived 112 days, his course was plagued by complications including seizures, respiratory failure, kidney failure, and infections. Today's most advanced model, CardioWest, has supported nearly a hundred patients, with the record holder surviving 1,373 days before successful transplantation. For most heart failure patients today, left-ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become the preferred mechanical support, pumping blood directly from the left ventricle to the aorta. However, for patients with failure of both ventricles, a permanent artificial heart remains the only option-still more dream than reality, but no longer the pipe dream it was in 1982.

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第 9 章

The Vulnerable Heart: Emotions and Cardiac Health

The profound connection between psychological trauma and heart rhythm disturbances represents a crucial frontier in cardiovascular medicine. Bernard Lown's groundbreaking research definitively demonstrated that psychological stress could trigger dangerous arrhythmias. Working with psychiatrists, Lown's team discovered that nearly 20% of sudden arrhythmia survivors had experienced acute psychological stress within 24 hours before their attacks. These triggering events included public humiliation, marital separation, bereavement, or business failure - highlighting how deeply emotional trauma can impact cardiac function. Further studies revealed that even anticipated stress, such as upcoming public speaking events or important meetings, could create dangerous cardiac conditions. The relationship between psychological trauma and arrhythmias operates as a two-way street, creating a complex feedback loop between mind and heart. Patients with implantable defibrillators often develop debilitating anxiety after experiencing shocks, with many developing post-traumatic stress symptoms that dramatically impact their quality of life. These manifestations include stopping driving, avoiding leaving home, and experiencing significant weight loss due to stress-induced appetite changes. One patient vividly described the shocks as "like a donkey rearing his hind legs and hitting you right in the chest with full force." Medical professionals have observed that this anxiety can itself trigger additional arrhythmias, perpetuating a vicious cycle of physical and emotional distress. Research into sleep patterns has revealed another surprising connection: intense dreams can trigger sudden cardiac death, with 12 percent of cardiovascular deaths occurring during sleep. During REM sleep, surges of adrenaline can create a perfect storm of cardiac risk factors - disrupting atherosclerotic plaque, stimulating blood clotting, causing coronary spasm, and triggering ventricular arrhythmias. Heart rate may spike dramatically from 50 to 170 beats per minute during nightmares, placing significant stress on vulnerable cardiac tissue. This finding has led to increased attention to sleep disorders in cardiac patients. While cardiology has achieved remarkable technological advances over the past fifty years - including sophisticated pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, refined angioplasty techniques, improved bypass surgery, and successful heart transplantation programs - which have contributed to a 60 percent drop in cardiovascular mortality since 1968, progress has recently slowed significantly. The decline in cardiovascular mortality has plateaued due to multiple factors: smoking rates have leveled off after decades of decline, obesity rates continue to climb dramatically, and diabetes cases surge across all demographic groups. These trends suggest that technological solutions alone cannot address the full spectrum of cardiovascular health challenges. The author advocates for a fundamental paradigm shift in cardiovascular medicine, emphasizing prevention over technological solutions. This new approach must acknowledge that heart disease has deep psychological, social, and political roots that extend far beyond traditional medical boundaries. Effective intervention requires a holistic strategy that addresses lifestyle factors, emotional well-being, social support systems, and broader public health initiatives. This might include stress reduction programs, psychological support for cardiac patients, community-based prevention efforts, and policy changes to promote heart-healthy environments. The future of cardiovascular health depends on recognizing and addressing these complex interconnections between mind, body, and society.

第 10 章

Finding Balance: The Personal Heart Journey

After discovering his own coronary blockages through a CT scan, Jauhar faces his own mortality. He's experienced premature ventricular contractions for years-a mostly benign condition causing heart flutters followed by a "compensatory pause." Additional tests reveal normal heart function but elevated lipoprotein(a), which more than doubles the risk of coronary disease. As a South Asian, he faces additional risk factors including smaller coronary arteries, denser cholesterol particles, and possibly "thrifty genes" that create abdominal fat when exposed to Western lifestyles. Determined not to let his scan dictate his fate, Jauhar seeks fundamental life changes beyond his already healthy habits and statin medication. He visits his friend Anand at a Hindu temple, who advises him to "get out of your mind" through yoga and meditation. "Your mind, your thoughts, are not your owner, but they are behaving as your owner. Go beyond mind. That is the only place you are truly free." Jauhar explores Dean Ornish's cardiac rehabilitation program, which combines a low-fat vegetarian diet, exercise, stress management, and group support. The program coordinator believes "the social support and stress management are probably the most important pieces." Studies support this view-depressed heart attack patients were four times likelier to die within six months, while hopeless menopausal women showed more arterial thickening. Ultimately, Jauhar makes sustainable changes-exercising daily, eating better, spending more time with family and friends, and no longer being "contemptuous of relaxation." At forty-eight, he acknowledges the privileges of modern cardiology that his grandfather, who died in his early fifties, didn't have. Yet beyond technological interventions, he recognizes that emotional well-being is equally crucial for heart health. "Your mind-set, your coping strategies, how you navigate challenging circumstances, your capacity to transcend distress, your capacity to love-these things, I believe, are also a matter of life and death." The heart remains both a machine to be repaired and the metaphorical seat of our emotional lives-a duality that makes cardiology not just a medical specialty but a profound exploration of what makes us human.

★★★★★

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《心脏传》核心主题

cardiovascular medicine history
mind-body connection
broken heart syndrome
metaphorical heart symbolism
evolution of cardiac surgery

《心脏传》经典语录

What if the organ that keeps you alive is also plotting your demise?
Heart metaphors permeate our language.
The heart is extraordinarily sensitive to our emotional system.
The heart alone of all the viscera cannot withstand injury.
The feasibility of cardiac repair no longer remains in doubt.

《心脏传》主要人物

Sandeep JauharCardiologist and author exploring heart health
William HarveyPhysician who discovered the heart is a pump
GalenAncient physician whose theories Harvey disproved

关于作者

Sandeep Jauhar 是一位心脏病专家，也是畅销书《心脏传》( Heart: A History ) 的作者。他在对心脏病学演变过程的探索中，将医学专业知识与扣人心弦的叙事结合在一起。

作为一名执业医生和长岛犹太医疗中心 (Long Island Jewish Medical Center) 心力衰竭项目的主任，Jauhar 从其家族的心脏病史和自己的临床一线经验中汲取灵感，阐明了心脏在生物学和隐喻层面的重要意义。

他的作品曾刊登在《纽约时报》（他是该报的特约评论撰稿人），并出现在 NPR、CNN 和 MSNBC 等媒体上。Jauhar 广受好评的回忆录包括《实习医生》( Intern: A Doctor’s Initiation ) 和《行医》( Doctored: The Disillusionment of an American Physician )，两本书都探讨了现代医疗体系中的系统性挑战。

《心脏传》( Heart: A History ) 入围了 2019 年惠康图书奖 (Wellcome Book Prize) 短名单，并被评为亚马逊当月最佳图书。该书因其将历史研究与对人体最重要器官的个人深刻见解相结合而备受赞誉。

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由哥伦比亚大学校友在旧金山创建

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@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

查看更多网络上关于 BeFreed 的讨论

开启你的学习之旅，就是现在

第 9 章

心脏传

概述《心脏传》概述

一本书，多种聆听方式。

The Beating Mystery: A Journey Through the Heart's Chambers

The Emotional Pump: Where Biology Meets Metaphor

边听边看，每个词都清晰呈现

The Heart's Mechanical Marvel: From Mystery to Understanding

Breaking Barriers: The Pioneers Who Dared to Touch the Heart

从 《心脏传》中收获更多

Ingenious Solutions: Cross-Circulation and the Heart-Lung Machine

Exploring the Heart's Highways: Coronary Interventions

边听边看，每个词都清晰呈现

The Heart's Electrical Symphony: Rhythm and Disruption

When Hearts Fail: Transplantation and Artificial Hearts

从 《心脏传》中收获更多

The Vulnerable Heart: Emotions and Cardiac Health

Finding Balance: The Personal Heart Journey

你已读完 《心脏传》

《心脏传》核心主题

《心脏传》经典语录

《心脏传》主要人物

关于作者

下载《心脏传》摘要

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关于本书的常见问题

What is Heart: A History by Sandeep Jauhar about?

Who should read Heart: A History?

Is Heart: A History worth reading?

What are the key themes in Heart: A History?

该学习计划的一部分

Human physiology

Human physioligy

发现更多

1,000,000+ curious minds.

1,000,000+ curious minds.

一本书，多种聆听方式。

The Beating Mystery: A Journey Through the Heart's Chambers

The Emotional Pump: Where Biology Meets Metaphor

边听边看，每个词都清晰呈现

The Heart's Mechanical Marvel: From Mystery to Understanding

Breaking Barriers: The Pioneers Who Dared to Touch the Heart

从 《心脏传》中收获更多

Ingenious Solutions: Cross-Circulation and the Heart-Lung Machine

Exploring the Heart's Highways: Coronary Interventions

边听边看，每个词都清晰呈现

The Heart's Electrical Symphony: Rhythm and Disruption

When Hearts Fail: Transplantation and Artificial Hearts

从 《心脏传》中收获更多

The Vulnerable Heart: Emotions and Cardiac Health

Finding Balance: The Personal Heart Journey

你已读完 《心脏传》

用户还喜欢

该学习计划的一部分

Human physiology

Human physioligy

发现更多

《心脏传》概述

从《心脏传》中收获更多

从《心脏传》中收获更多

你已读完《心脏传》

从《心脏传》中收获更多

从《心脏传》中收获更多

你已读完《心脏传》