샌프란시스코에서 컬럼비아 대학교 동문들이 만들었습니다
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샌프란시스코에서 컬럼비아 대학교 동문들이 만들었습니다

**Lena:** Miles, I came across something that really stopped me in my tracks - did you know that during the Civil War, a Union general actually issued an order to expel all Jews from his military district? Like, literally kicked them out within 24 hours?
**Miles:** Wait, seriously? That's... wow. You're talking about Ulysses Grant, right? The future president? That's such a stark reminder that antisemitism in America goes way deeper than most people realize.
**Lena:** Exactly! And what's fascinating is that this wasn't some fringe incident - this was 1862, and Grant blamed Jews "as a class" for cotton speculation. President Lincoln had to step in and overturn the order. It really shows how even during our defining moment as a nation, these prejudices were already embedded.
**Miles:** Right, and the crazy thing is Grant later apologized and actually became a strong supporter of Jewish rights. But it makes you wonder - if this kind of scapegoating was happening at the highest levels of government during the Civil War, what was brewing in the decades that followed?
**Lena:** That's exactly what I want to explore, because this incident was just the beginning of a much larger story that stretches all the way to today. So let's dive into how antisemitism evolved from that Civil War moment through the massive changes of the late 1800s.