What is *Why Don't Students Like School?* by Daniel T. Willingham about?

*Why Don't Students Like School?* explores how cognitive science principles explain why traditional education often fails students. Daniel Willingham argues that the brain avoids effortful thinking, and effective teaching requires aligning instruction with how memory and problem-solving work. Key themes include the role of factual knowledge, the inefficiency of learning styles, and strategies to make learning engaging.

Who should read *Why Don’t Students Like School?*?

This book is essential for educators, school administrators, and parents seeking evidence-based strategies to improve learning outcomes. It’s particularly valuable for those interested in cognitive psychology’s applications to education, offering practical insights into curriculum design, student motivation, and classroom practices.

Is *Why Don’t Students Like School?* worth reading?

Yes. Willingham synthesizes decades of cognitive research into actionable teaching methods, challenging myths like learning styles. The book’s blend of scientific rigor and classroom relevance makes it a timeless resource for improving educational practices.

What are the main cognitive principles in *Why Don’t Students Like School?*?

Willingham outlines nine principles, including the brain’s preference for avoiding overthinking, the necessity of factual knowledge for critical thinking, and the importance of practice. These principles emphasize designing lessons that reduce cognitive overload while building long-term memory.

How does *Why Don’t Students Like School?* challenge learning styles?

The book debunks the myth that tailoring instruction to visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learners improves outcomes. Willingham argues that content-specific strategies (e.g., using diagrams for spatial topics) matter more than innate learning preferences, as proven by cognitive studies.

What role does memory play in learning, according to Willingham?

Willingham distinguishes **working memory** (limited, short-term processing) from **long-term memory** (vast storage of facts and skills). Effective teaching helps students “chunk” information into long-term memory through repetition, contextualization, and connecting new material to prior knowledge.

How can teachers apply Willingham’s ideas to make school enjoyable?

The book suggests framing lessons around solvable problems to trigger curiosity, balancing challenge and skill to avoid frustration, and using stories or humor to reduce cognitive strain. Teachers should prioritize depth over breadth and reinforce effort over innate ability.

What does Willingham say about intelligence and effort?

Willingham rejects the notion of fixed intelligence, emphasizing that effort and practice reshape the brain. Praising persistence—not innate talent—motivates students to embrace challenges, fostering resilience and growth.

なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意

認知科学者が、心の仕組みとそれが教室での学習に何を意味するのかという疑問に答えます

ダニエル・T・ウィリンガム

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『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の概要

ウィリンガムによる、一般的な「学習スタイル」理論に異を唱える神話打破のガイドを通じて、なぜ私たちの脳が教室での学習に苦労するのかを探ってみましょう。認知科学を用いて教育実践を変革したとして世界中の教育者から賞賛されている本書は、生徒に学んだことを確実に記憶させたいと願うすべての人にとって不可欠なハンドブックです。

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第1章

The Mind's Hidden Resistance to Learning: Why School Can Feel Like a Struggle

When cognitive psychologist Daniel Willingham asked his university students why they thought children disliked school, their answers were predictable: boring material, irrelevant content, and uninspiring teachers. Yet these explanations miss something fundamental about human cognition. Our brains aren't actually designed for thinking-they're designed to avoid it. Thinking is slow, effortful, and unreliable compared to the brain's more automatic functions like vision or movement. This counterintuitive reality explains why even the most engaging teachers sometimes struggle to keep students intellectually engaged. "Why Don't Students Like School?" has become something of a cult classic among educators since its 2009 publication. Willingham's accessible translation of cognitive science into classroom practice has influenced teacher training programs worldwide. The book has been praised by figures ranging from Bill Gates to numerous education secretaries, and continues to appear on "must-read" lists for teachers. What makes it particularly valuable is how it challenges intuitive but incorrect assumptions about learning while offering practical alternatives based on how our minds actually work.

第2章

The Brain's Reluctance to Think: Evolution's Cognitive Compromise

Contrary to popular belief, the human brain isn't optimized for thinking - it's optimized for efficiency and survival. Thinking is cognitively expensive, requiring significant energy and attention. Our brains evolved to conserve resources whenever possible, consuming approximately 20% of our body's energy despite representing only 2% of our body weight. This biological reality explains why we naturally default to mental shortcuts and established patterns rather than deep analysis. This efficiency-first design manifests in numerous daily experiences. We can drive home "on autopilot" while our mind wanders elsewhere, navigate familiar spaces without conscious thought, and perform complex physical tasks like typing or playing an instrument without actively thinking about each movement. Consider the classic candle task, where participants must attach a candle to a wall using only a box of tacks and matches. The solution - emptying the box, tacking it to the wall, and using it as a platform - eludes most people because it requires overcoming functional fixedness, our tendency to see objects only in their conventional roles. This mental barrier exemplifies how our brains resist creative thinking when simpler, familiar patterns are available. Thinking has three key limitations that shape human cognition. First, it's remarkably slow compared to our other neural processes - while we can process visual scenes in milliseconds, conscious problem-solving often takes minutes or hours. Second, thinking is effortful, requiring sustained concentration that depletes our mental resources. Third, thinking is inherently uncertain, often producing no answer or an incorrect one, which explains our preference for familiar solutions over novel approaches. Our brains compensate for these limitations by relying heavily on memory and pattern recognition. Rather than calculating optimal solutions for each new situation, we draw from our repository of past experiences and learned strategies. This approach, while not always perfect, proves remarkably efficient for most daily challenges - from social interactions to professional decision-making. Yet paradoxically, humans genuinely enjoy mental challenges under the right conditions. We voluntarily tackle crossword puzzles, watch documentaries, and choose intellectually demanding careers. This cognitive engagement occurs because successful thinking triggers reward mechanisms in our brains - neuroscientists have discovered that problem-solving activities may trigger dopamine release in the brain's reward centers, similar to the pleasure we get from food or social connection. Games like Sudoku or chess have endured precisely because they tap into this pleasure-reward system while allowing players to gradually increase difficulty as their skills improve. The critical factor determining whether we enjoy mental work isn't the subject matter but the optimal challenge level - what psychologists call the "zone of proximal development." Problems must be calibrated to our abilities - not too easy (which brings no satisfaction) and not too difficult (which feels hopeless). This explains why students often dislike school: unlike adults who can choose their mental challenges, students face required work that may consistently fall outside their optimal challenge zone. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for educators and learners alike, as it suggests that personalizing difficulty levels could significantly improve engagement and learning outcomes.

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第3章

Knowledge as the Foundation: Why Facts Matter More Than We Think

Many educators believe teaching should focus on critical thinking skills rather than "mere facts." This perspective seems reasonable-in our Google-everything world, why memorize information we can look up? Einstein himself supposedly claimed, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." Yet cognitive science reveals this thinking/knowledge dichotomy is fundamentally flawed. Factual knowledge isn't just stuff we memorize-it's the foundation that makes thinking possible. When we read, writers leave gaps assuming readers have background knowledge to fill them. Without this knowledge, comprehension breaks down. A striking study with junior high students showed that "poor readers" who knew about baseball understood a baseball passage much better than "good readers" who lacked baseball knowledge. This happens because knowledge enables "chunking"-grouping information into meaningful units that take up less space in working memory. When we have relevant knowledge, we see patterns and relationships rather than disconnected details. This explains the "fourth-grade slump" where underprivileged children often read at grade level through third grade (when tests emphasize decoding) but fall behind in fourth grade (when tests shift to comprehension, which depends on background knowledge). Knowledge also improves memory for new information in the same domain. When reading about chiffon cakes replacing butter with oil, your existing knowledge about cakes creates mental hooks that make the information more memorable. The cumulative effect is significant: if someone with extensive knowledge remembers 10% of new information while someone with less knowledge remembers only 9%, the knowledge gap widens exponentially over time. This creates a "rich get richer" effect in learning-the more you know, the easier it is to learn more. This explains why reading books, newspapers and magazines is more valuable for knowledge building than television or social media-they introduce new vocabulary and ideas that create more mental connections. Despite Einstein's quote suggesting imagination trumps knowledge, cognitive evidence shows knowledge is actually prerequisite for imagination, problem-solving and creativity. As a Spanish proverb suggests: "The Devil is not wise because he's the Devil. The Devil is wise because he's old."

第4章

The Memory Paradox: Why Students Remember TV But Forget Lessons

Every teacher has experienced the frustration of delivering what seems like an excellent lesson, only to discover students remember only jokes or personal asides-or nothing at all. Understanding why students remember certain things is crucial since background knowledge enables learning. The key insight is that memory is the residue of thought-we remember what we think about, not necessarily what teachers want us to remember. This explains why thinking about a penny's value thousands of times doesn't help us recall its visual details, and why students must think about meaning to remember content. Contrary to popular belief, making subject matter relevant to students' interests isn't the most effective approach to engagement. Content itself is rarely the decisive factor in maintaining interest. Instead, effective teachers connect with students through their teaching style-whether as a comedian, den mother, storyteller, or showman-while maintaining well-organized lessons. Research on teacher evaluations reveals that students' assessments ultimately boil down to two factors: whether the professor seems likable and whether the class is well-organized. Both qualities are essential; the funny teacher with disorganized lessons will be as ineffective as the brilliantly organized teacher whom students perceive as mean. The human mind is uniquely attuned to understanding and remembering stories-they're "psychologically privileged" in memory. Stories follow "the four Cs": causality (events are causally related), conflict (a character pursues a goal but faces obstacles), complications (subproblems arising from the main goal), and character (revealed through action rather than description). Rather than simply telling stories in class, teachers should structure their lessons using these four Cs. This approach applies to how material is organized, not necessarily teaching methods. Even mathematics can use story structures-introducing Z-scores by first establishing the familiar concept of coin flips, then building to the central conflict (determining probability of chance events) with complications that the Z-score ultimately resolves. Following Hollywood's formula, teachers should spend significant time (10-15 minutes of a 75-minute class) establishing the central question before providing the answer, because material students learn is actually answering questions that must first be understood and appreciated.

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第5章

The Abstraction Challenge: Why Concrete Examples Beat Abstract Concepts

Abstraction is the ultimate goal of education-we want students to apply classroom learning in new contexts. However, our minds naturally prefer concrete examples over abstractions. We understand new ideas by relating them to old ideas-similar to looking up an unfamiliar word in a dictionary. This explains why analogies are so useful; they help us understand something new by relating it to something familiar. For example, explaining Ohm's law (I = V/R) becomes clearer when compared to water flowing through pipes, where water pressure is like voltage and pipe resistance is like electrical resistance. Our dependence on prior knowledge also explains why students need concrete examples to understand abstractions like physics formulas or poetic meters. Teachers often worry when students repeat definitions verbatim without true understanding. While pure rote knowledge (memorizing without any comprehension) is relatively rare, shallow knowledge is common. Shallow knowledge means students have some understanding but it's limited to the specific context or analogy provided. Deep knowledge involves richly interconnected concepts that students can apply across contexts. Knowledge often fails to transfer because people focus on surface structure rather than deep structure. In a classic experiment, subjects who learned to solve a tumor problem using converging rays couldn't apply the same solution to an analogous fortress problem. Our minds interpret new information based on what we've just encountered, making us focus on surface features (tumors vs. fortresses) rather than underlying principles. Since experience helps students recognize deep structure, providing numerous examples is essential. Having students compare different examples can be particularly effective. For instance, an English teacher might help students understand irony by examining examples from Oedipus Rex, Romeo and Juliet, and Othello, guiding them to identify the common pattern: characters making decisions without crucial information that the audience possesses. While deep knowledge should be the goal, teachers must be realistic about what students can achieve and how quickly. Deep knowledge is hard-won and requires extensive practice. Shallow knowledge is much better than no knowledge at all and represents a natural step toward deeper understanding.

第6章

The Practice Paradox: Why Drilling Actually Liberates Thinking

Despite its negative connotations, practice (often called "drilling") serves crucial cognitive functions. The fundamental bottleneck in our thinking is working memory - our limited capacity to juggle multiple ideas simultaneously. Most people can only hold about 4-7 distinct pieces of information in working memory at once. Practice helps overcome this limitation by making mental processes automatic, freeing up cognitive resources for higher-level thinking and creative problem-solving. Reading provides a perfect example of automaticity - experienced readers process words instantly without conscious effort, while beginning readers must laboriously sound out each letter. When skilled readers encounter words like "house" or "tree," recognition is instantaneous, requiring virtually no mental effort. This automaticity frees working memory to focus on meaning, inference, and critical analysis rather than basic decoding. Similarly, in mathematics, students who have memorized basic facts (like 7+9=16 or 8x7=56) perform better on complex problems because they don't waste mental resources on calculations. Their working memory can focus on problem-solving strategy and conceptual understanding instead of basic computation. Automaticity develops only through repetition - "the only way to develop mental facility is to repeat the target process again and again and again." This principle applies across domains, from musical instruments to foreign languages. A pianist must practice scales until finger movements become automatic before tackling complex pieces. Practice isn't just about speed - it's about freeing cognitive resources for higher-level thinking and artistic expression. Continued practice also dramatically affects long-term retention. Research tracking algebra knowledge shows that while people who took just one algebra course gradually forgot what they learned, those who took advanced math courses retained their algebra knowledge perfectly even fifty years later! This wasn't because they were smarter - it was because the advanced courses required ongoing practice of basic algebra skills through calculus, trigonometry, and beyond. Each subsequent course reinforced and strengthened fundamental concepts. Practice also improves transfer to new situations. When we work many problems of a similar type, we become more adept at recognizing their underlying structure, even when surface details change. For example, students who practice many word problems about rate and distance begin to recognize the essential pattern (Distance = Rate x Time) regardless of whether the problem involves cars, trains, or cyclists. This happens because practice helps us understand problems more deeply and store their functional relationships in memory. Since we can't practice everything extensively, we should focus on processes that need to become automatic - the fundamental building blocks that are used repeatedly in a subject. For instance, in writing, basic grammar and punctuation should be automatic so attention can focus on developing ideas. Practice doesn't need to occur all at once - spacing it out creates more enduring memories and reduces boredom. Research shows that distributed practice over days or weeks is far more effective than cramming. You can also integrate basic skill practice into more advanced contexts rather than isolating skills until mastery, creating a more engaging and efficient learning experience.

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

第7章

The Expert Paradox: Why Students Can't Think Like Scientists (Yet)

Traditional science education-reading textbooks, teacher explanations, predictable lab exercises, and problem sets-doesn't reflect authentic scientific practice. Real scientists conduct experiments with unknown outcomes and interpret surprising results. Historians analyze primary sources rather than memorizing textbooks. Many educators believe students should engage in these authentic disciplinary practices, but cognitive science reveals a fundamental problem with this approach. Students can't immediately think like experts because cognition fundamentally changes with expertise. Novices and experts organize knowledge differently in memory. Experts overcome working memory limitations through two key mechanisms: organized background knowledge and automaticity. Unlike novices who organize information by surface features, experts organize knowledge by function and deep structure. Chess experts group pieces by strategic relationships rather than proximity, while physics experts categorize problems by underlying principles rather than objects involved. This abstract thinking allows experts to ignore unimportant details and recognize the deep structure of problems, enabling better transfer to new situations. Additionally, experts have automatized routine procedures through extensive practice, freeing up working memory. They use this extra mental space for productive self-talk, generating hypotheses and testing their understanding as they work through problems-something novices rarely do because their working memory is already taxed by basic procedures. The path to expertise is disappointingly simple but demanding: practice. Simply telling novices to "think functionally" or "talk to yourself" won't work because they lack the mental toolbox that makes these strategies effective. Expertise requires extensive practice-as the Carnegie Hall joke reminds us ("How do I get to Carnegie Hall?" "Practice, practice, practice"). Studies of violinists show that the best performers accumulated almost 50% more practice hours by age twenty than merely good violinists. The "ten-year rule" holds that expertise in any field requires at least a decade of dedicated practice-and even after achieving expert status, the work must continue to maintain it. Rather than expecting students to think like scientists, a more realistic goal is helping them develop deep understanding of existing theories. Science fairs may produce poor experiments but boost interest in science. What works for experts may not work for those still developing fundamental skills-as Emerson noted, "Every artist was first an amateur."

第8章

Beyond Learning Styles: The Myth of Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Learners

Despite the popular belief that some students learn best visually while others learn best auditorily, research over fifty years has found no consistent evidence supporting learning styles theories. The cognitive principle is that children are more alike than different in how they think and learn. This doesn't mean all children are identical-they have different interests and strengths-but research hasn't found categorically different types of learners. The visual-auditory-kinesthetic theory claims people have preferred ways of receiving information through sight, sound, or physical sensation. While people do differ in their visual and auditory memory abilities, the key prediction that students learn better when instruction matches their cognitive style isn't supported by research. Most school learning concerns meaning, not sensory details. When students need to remember what things mean rather than what they look or sound like, modality preferences don't provide advantages. The theory persists because it's commonly accepted wisdom, because people do have different memory strengths (though this doesn't make them "visual learners" in the way the theory suggests), and because of confirmation bias-our tendency to interpret ambiguous situations as confirming our existing beliefs. Unlike cognitive styles, mental abilities vary genuinely among individuals. We all know people gifted with words but struggling with math, or musically talented but physically awkward. Howard Gardner popularized this concept with his theory of multiple intelligences, proposing eight distinct intelligences. Though most psychologists believe Gardner didn't get the details right (particularly his claim that these intelligences operate independently), educators remain interested in the theory's implications. Rather than focusing on student types, think about content-certain material is best presented visually, auditorily, or kinesthetically based on what you want students to learn. Use changes in presentation modes to refresh student attention. Be wary of telling students they're "smart in some way"-this implies intelligence determines value, may not be true for every child, and telling children they're smart actually undermines their performance.

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』をもっと深く楽しむ

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第9章

Growth Mindset: How Beliefs About Intelligence Shape Learning

Some students simply grasp concepts more quickly than others, but this doesn't mean we should resign ourselves to their limitations. Americans typically view intelligence as a fixed genetic trait, while Eastern cultures see it as malleable through effort. Both perspectives contain truth-genetics impacts intelligence, but primarily through environmental factors. Students' beliefs about intelligence profoundly affect their learning behaviors. Those who believe intelligence is fixed avoid challenges, quit after setbacks, and choose easy tasks to appear smart. They view hard work as a sign of low ability, creating a self-defeating mindset where they won't work hard to succeed because that would signal they're "dumb." In contrast, students who view intelligence as malleable embrace challenges as learning opportunities. They persist through difficulties, trying new strategies when stuck. Failure doesn't threaten their self-image because they see it as temporary and fixable through effort. Research confirms this difference: students who believe intelligence can be improved through effort earn higher grades. Children's beliefs about intelligence are shaped by many factors, but praise is particularly influential. Studies show that praising children for ability ("you're smart") promotes a fixed view of intelligence, while praising effort ("you worked hard") encourages a malleable view. The key insight for educators is that slow learners aren't inherently less capable-they have similar potential to other students but differ in knowledge, motivation, persistence, and self-image. While catching up requires enormous effort, it's entirely possible if students believe improvement is possible and worthwhile. To foster growth mindsets, praise processes rather than innate ability. Acknowledge persistence, responsibility-taking, and hard work-but keep praise sincere. Explicitly teach students that intelligence develops through effort. Share stories about how "geniuses" achieved through hard work, not just natural talent. Create a classroom environment where failure is viewed as a stepping stone to understanding. The most influential teachers set high standards while conveying belief in students' ability to meet them. Avoid praising mediocre work from struggling students, as this communicates lowered expectations. Instead, acknowledge specific improvements while maintaining high standards.

第10章

The Teacher's Mind: Applying Cognitive Science to Your Own Practice

Teaching is a cognitive skill that requires the same mental processes students use for learning. Just as students need space in working memory, relevant background knowledge, and experience with mental procedures, teachers need these same elements to teach effectively. Teaching demands significant working memory capacity as teachers juggle multiple tasks simultaneously. Research confirms that subject matter knowledge is important, but pedagogical content knowledge-understanding how to teach specific subjects-is equally crucial. Teachers also rely on stored procedures for everything from mundane classroom management to complex concept explanations. Practice differs fundamentally from experience. Experience merely means engaging in an activity, while practice involves deliberate efforts to improve performance. Most teachers improve significantly during their first five years but then plateau, suggesting they stop actively practicing once they reach satisfactory proficiency. True practice requires considerable effort and dedication, including getting feedback from knowledgeable people and investing time in activities specifically designed to improve performance. Since there's no rigorously proven practice method for teachers, consider working with at least one other person and acknowledging that examining your teaching will challenge your ego. Videotaping allows you to observe your teaching at leisure, something impossible while actively teaching. Before watching each other's videos, practice observation and constructive commenting by watching videos of unknown teachers. When you identify something you want to change, implement just one specific change during a particular lesson, even if you've thought of several. For those with limited time, keep a teaching diary recording what you intended to do and how it went. Start a discussion group with fellow teachers for social support and problem-solving. Observe children in your target age group outside the classroom environment-at parks, malls, or other public spaces where they behave naturally. Teaching, like writing, is an act of persuasion. Just as an author must convince readers not to drop the book, teachers must persuade students to continue their mental journey. "Know your students" is the essence of this book's message, with cognitive science providing specific guidance on what to know and how to use that knowledge effectively. Education passes accumulated wisdom to children, and using scientific knowledge of the mind can make education better. As Willingham concludes: "Education makes better minds, and knowledge of the mind can make better education."

★★★★★

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』を最後まで読み終えました

100万人以上の学習者に愛用されています

“23日間、毎日使い続けています。今では日課の一部です。”

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『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の主要テーマ

cognitive load theory
factual knowledge acquisition
optimal challenge level
memory-based learning
applied cognitive science

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の名言

Our brains aren't actually designed for thinking-they're designed to avoid it.
Thinking is cognitively expensive, requiring significant energy and attention.
Memory is the residue of thought-we remember what we think about.
Factual knowledge isn't just stuff we memorize-it's the foundation that makes thinking possible.
The Devil is wise because he's old.

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の登場人物

Daniel T. WillinghamCognitive psychologist and author of the book

著者について

『なぜ生徒は学校が嫌いなのか？：認知心理学者が教える、脳の仕組みと教育への応用』の著者であるダニエル・T・ウィリンガムは、バージニア大学の教授であり、認知科学とK-12教育（幼稚園から高校まで）を橋渡しする専門家として名高い認知心理学者です。

ハーバード大学で博士号を取得し、デューク大学を卒業した彼は、複雑な神経科学を実践的な指導戦略へと落とし込み、生徒の意欲、記憶システム、そして効果的な学習習慣といった核心的なテーマに取り組んでいます。

ウィリンガムの権威は、雑誌『American Educator』で長期連載されているコラム「Ask the Cognitive Scientist（認知心理学者に聞く）」や、エビデンスに基づいた教育を探求した『The Reading Mind』、『When Can You Trust the Experts?』といったベストセラー書籍によって確立されています。オバマ大統領によって全米教育科学委員会（National Board for Education Sciences）の委員に任命された彼の著作は、23以上の言語で引用されています。

『なぜ生徒は学校が嫌いなのか？』は現代教育の古典となっており、世界中の教室における教育法を再構築したとして、『ワシントン・ポスト』紙や『ウォール・ストリート・ジャーナル』紙で絶賛されています。

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"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

BeFreedがウェブ上でどのように話題になっているかをもっと見る

コロンビア大学卒業生がサンフランシスコで開発

LOVED BY

1,000,000+ curious minds.

4.7

avg rating

1M+ learners

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

BeFreedがウェブ上でどのように話題になっているかをもっと見る

今すぐ学習の旅を始めよう

第2章

なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意

概要『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の概要

1冊の本。さまざまな聴き方。

The Mind's Hidden Resistance to Learning: Why School Can Feel Like a Struggle

The Brain's Reluctance to Think: Evolution's Cognitive Compromise

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Knowledge as the Foundation: Why Facts Matter More Than We Think

The Memory Paradox: Why Students Remember TV But Forget Lessons

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』をもっと深く楽しむ

The Abstraction Challenge: Why Concrete Examples Beat Abstract Concepts

The Practice Paradox: Why Drilling Actually Liberates Thinking

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

The Expert Paradox: Why Students Can't Think Like Scientists (Yet)

Beyond Learning Styles: The Myth of Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Learners

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』をもっと深く楽しむ

Growth Mindset: How Beliefs About Intelligence Shape Learning

The Teacher's Mind: Applying Cognitive Science to Your Own Practice

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』を最後まで読み終えました

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の主要テーマ

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の名言

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の登場人物

著者について

なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意の要約をダウンロード

他のユーザーのお気に入り

この本に関するよくある質問

What is Why Don't Students Like School? by Daniel T. Willingham about?

Who should read Why Don’t Students Like School??

Is Why Don’t Students Like School? worth reading?

What are the main cognitive principles in Why Don’t Students Like School??

もっと見る

1,000,000+ curious minds.

1,000,000+ curious minds.

1冊の本。さまざまな聴き方。

The Mind's Hidden Resistance to Learning: Why School Can Feel Like a Struggle

The Brain's Reluctance to Think: Evolution's Cognitive Compromise

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Knowledge as the Foundation: Why Facts Matter More Than We Think

The Memory Paradox: Why Students Remember TV But Forget Lessons

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』をもっと深く楽しむ

The Abstraction Challenge: Why Concrete Examples Beat Abstract Concepts

The Practice Paradox: Why Drilling Actually Liberates Thinking

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

The Expert Paradox: Why Students Can't Think Like Scientists (Yet)

Beyond Learning Styles: The Myth of Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Learners

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』をもっと深く楽しむ

Growth Mindset: How Beliefs About Intelligence Shape Learning

The Teacher's Mind: Applying Cognitive Science to Your Own Practice

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』を最後まで読み終えました

他のユーザーのお気に入り

もっと見る

『なぜ若者は学力低下したのか：認知心理学が教える「勉強」の極意』の概要