What is *Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton* about?

*Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton* by James Gleick explores the life and scientific contributions of Isaac Newton, from his rural upbringing to groundbreaking discoveries in physics, mathematics, and astronomy. The book details his development of the scientific method, laws of motion, and universal gravitation, while also examining his lesser-known pursuits in alchemy and theology.

Who should read *Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton*?

This book suits science enthusiasts, history buffs, and casual readers seeking an accessible introduction to Newton’s work. Gleick’s clear, narrative style makes complex concepts approachable for all ages, while offering fresh insights for those familiar with Newton’s legacy.

Is *Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton* worth reading?

Yes. Critics praise Gleick’s concise yet thorough account, blending scientific rigor with storytelling. At under 200 pages, it balances depth and readability, making it ideal for time-constrained readers wanting a nuanced portrait of Newton’s genius and personal quirks.

James Gleick is a Pulitzer Prize-finalist author and science historian known for making complex topics engaging. His works like *Chaos* and *The Information* have been translated into 30+ languages, establishing him as a leading voice in scientific storytelling.

What are Isaac Newton's three laws of motion?

1. **Inertia**: Objects remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon. 2. **Force**: Acceleration depends on mass and applied force. 3. **Action-Reaction**: Every action has an equal opposite reaction. The book explains how these laws revolutionized physics and remain foundational today.

How does the book explore Newton's development of calculus?

Gleick contextualizes calculus as Newton’s tool to model planetary motion and gravity. Despite limited resources (using a single notebook at Cambridge), Newton’s innovations laid the groundwork for modern mathematics, though contemporaries struggled to grasp his advanced concepts.

What role did alchemy play in Newton's life according to the book?

The biography reveals Newton’s decades-long obsession with alchemy, blending mystical experimentation with scientific inquiry. Gleick frames this as central to understanding Newton’s holistic worldview, where science and spirituality coexisted.

How does James Gleick portray Newton's personality?

Gleick depicts Newton as brilliant yet reclusive—a man driven by curiosity but plagued by rivalry (e.g., disputes with Robert Hooke). His solitary nature and perfectionism often delayed publishing breakthroughs like his optics research.

『ニュートン』の要約

アイザック・ニュートン

ジェイムズ・グリック

3.79(9497 Reviews)

『ニュートン』の要約の概要

真紅の色と錬金術に執着しながら、科学に革命をもたらした偏屈な天才の姿を解き明かしましょう。グライックによるこの簡潔な評伝は、ニュートンの画期的な法則とともに、その独特な個性を浮き彫りにしています。孤独な計算によって宇宙に対する私たちの理解を永遠に変えた、輝ける知性の物語です。

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第1章

The Genius Who Deciphered the Universe's Laws

Isaac Newton's name resonates across centuries as the embodiment of scientific revolution. Born in 1642 to an illiterate farmer who died before his birth, this solitary child from rural Lincolnshire would transform humanity's understanding of the cosmos. While today we casually speak of gravity, momentum, and inertia as if they were always known, these concepts emerged from Newton's singular mind. His Westminster Abbey monument celebrates his "strength of mind almost divine," and Voltaire marveled at the contrast between the old Cartesian worldview and Newton's gravitational universe. Though Einstein would later extend his work, Newton's framework remains the foundation of modern science. Perhaps most remarkably, this scientific titan who received England's first state funeral for intellectual achievement was also deeply mystical, never fully separating matter from God nor purging spiritual qualities from his mechanical universe.

第2章

A Solitary Child in Revolutionary Times

The medieval Woolsthorpe farmhouse where Isaac Newton was born nestled into a Lincolnshire hillside, somewhat dilapidated yet dignified. As the fatherless lord of this small manor, Newton held nominal authority over nearby tenant farmers, though his childhood was marked by abandonment. When Isaac was just three, his mother Hannah married wealthy rector Barnabas Smith, leaving her son to his grandmother's care while England's civil war raged across the countryside. During this revolutionary period that eventually saw King Charles beheaded, England was developing technologically-using water and wind power, manufacturing metal and glass-prerequisites for the scientific advancements to come. At the village dame school, the small, lonely boy learned to read and study the Bible while harboring dark thoughts toward his absent mother and stepfather. Newton became obsessed with measuring time, crafting sundials and tracking shadows with mathematical precision. When Newton turned ten, his stepfather died and his mother returned with three new children. She sent Isaac to Grantham's Kings School eight miles away, where he boarded with an apothecary and carved intricate drawings into walls and windowsills. Under strict Puritan discipline, he studied Latin, theology, and practical mathematics while fighting with classmates and writing melancholy phrases in his exercise book: "What imployment is he fit for? What is hee good for?" Newton despised farm work. Summoned home at sixteen to tend sheep, he instead gathered herbs and read books, built waterwheels while his sheep trampled neighbors' crops, and neglected his fences. His scholarly inclination prompted his schoolmaster Stokes and uncle William Ayscough to intervene. In June 1661, Newton entered Trinity College, Cambridge as a subsizar-the lowest rank of student, serving others to earn his keep despite his mother's considerable wealth.

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『ニュートン』の一語一語が音声に合わせてリアルタイムでハイライトされ、自然に読み進められます。

第3章

Questioning Everything: Newton's Intellectual Awakening

At Cambridge, Newton encountered Aristotle's world of substances, qualities, and forms-a system where motion meant any kind of change. For Aristotle, motion included ripening fruit, swimming fish, warming water, and falling apples. Heavy things moved down, light things up, each to their proper place. "Everything that is in motion must be moved by something," Aristotle insisted, leading logically to a first mover that Christians identified as God. This philosophy left little room for measurement and mathematics. The Greeks had resisted applying geometry to the "corruptible" earthly realm, reserving it for celestial matters. Yet technology was exposing the limitations of Aristotelian mechanics-gunners understood trajectories, pendulums demanded mathematical precision, and clockwork was making measurement possible in ways the ancients never imagined. In his second year at Cambridge, Newton began a new section in his notebook titled "Some philosophical questions," where he set aside authority and pursued truth directly. He inscribed an epigraph adapting Aristotle's words: "Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but truth my greater friend." Newton organized his knowledge under elemental headings as questions, revealing how little was known about the natural world. He declared himself a corpuscularian and atomist, reasoning that matter must consist of indivisible, indiscernible atoms. He wrestled with concepts of space (infinite, he believed), time, and motion. Challenging Descartes, Newton rejected the idea that light propagated by "pression," noting logical contradictions: "Light cannot be by pression, for then wee should see in the night as wel or better than in the day." He contemplated gravity, already sensing it might be a measurable quantity, and speculated about "rays of gravity" and the continuation of "violent motion" after initial force.

第4章

The Mathematical Revolution Begins

In 1664, Newton encountered Isaac Barrow, Cambridge's first mathematics professor, who examined him on Euclid's Elements-a text Newton hadn't previously studied. Driven by curiosity, Newton acquired advanced mathematical texts from continental Europe, including works by Descartes, Oughtred, and Wallis. That winter, a comet appeared, keeping Newton outdoors night after night observing its path. Soon after, rumors of plague reached England from Holland. As the epidemic spread through London, killing one in six residents, Cambridge colleges shut down. Newton returned to Woolsthorpe, built himself a study, and began filling his "Waste Book" with notes that evolved into groundbreaking original research. In isolation during the plague year, he transformed himself into the world's foremost mathematician, pushing past the frontiers of known mathematics. As printed books spread across Europe, a new metaphor emerged: the book of nature. Scholars exchanged knowledge through Latin texts spanning tribal divisions, rediscovering ancient wisdom while surpassing it. Galileo declared that philosophy "is written in this grand book-the universe," composed in "the language of mathematics" with characters of "triangles, circles, and other geometrical figures." For this solitary scholar, mathematics offered particular comfort-when he found answers, he could judge their correctness without public disputation. He absorbed Euclid's geometric theorems but was truly inspired by Descartes's joining of geometry and algebra. Through symbols and equations, Newton explored relations between quantities, generating curves from equations and freeing "strange new bestiaries of curves" beyond the Greeks' elegant conic sections. No one truly understands mathematical genius-that rare mental faculty where brilliance sometimes borders on savantism. Newton possessed limitless patience, describing truth as "the offspring of silence and meditation." He would "keep the subject constantly before me and wait 'till the first dawnings open slowly." His Waste Book filled with increasingly abstract computations as he worked obsessively, transforming equations across reference frames.

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第5章

The Infinitesimal and the Birth of Calculus

While Descartes had warned against arguing about infinity, Newton embraced it. He wrestled with the infinitesimal-that impossible quantity smaller than any finite value yet not zero. As he developed his mathematics, he saw ellipses in multiple ways-geometrically as curves drawn with cord and pegs, analytically as quadratic formulas, or as circles with bifurcated centers. He devised methods for finding tangents to curves by computing relationships between points separated by infinitesimal distances, using "O" as his symbol for these vanishing increments that could be "ever blotted out." Newton recognized the fundamental connection between differentiation and integration-that problems of tangents were the inverse of problems of quadrature. This insight unified seemingly disparate concepts: time and space, speed and area. In multiple attempts throughout 1665-66, he developed a system "to resolve Problems by motion," creating a mathematical framework based on continuous change rather than discrete atoms. He called changing quantities "fluents" and their rates of change "fluxions." Working alone at age twenty-four, he had created powerful mathematical tools that would enable the measurement of dynamics and the mathematization of nature. The Scientific Revolution emerged as a self-conscious break with the past, with Newton often viewed as its culmination. This transformation in human knowledge progressed like a relay race from Copernicus to Kepler to Galileo to Newton, gradually dismantling the Aristotelian cosmology. Copernicus had dared to place the sun at the center of the universe in 1543; Kepler discovered planetary orbits were elliptical rather than circular; and Galileo pointed his "spy-glasses" skyward to reveal mountains on the moon, spots on the sun, and moons orbiting Jupiter.

第6章

The Experimentalist's Mind and Body

Newton turned his analytical mind inward, exploring the complex relationship between perception and reality with characteristic thoroughness. Through meticulous self-observation, he documented how different conditions affected his mental acuity. He noted that imagination could be enhanced by "good aire fasting moderate wine" but damaged by "drunkenesse, Gluttony, too much study"-the latter potentially leading to madness. His personal notes revealed a deep understanding of the delicate balance required for optimal intellectual performance, including observations about sleep patterns, diet, and environmental conditions that influenced his thinking. In investigating light's nature, he confronted the philosophical boundary between perception and perceiver that had puzzled thinkers since Aristotle. This investigation led him to question fundamental assumptions about how humans process visual information and the reliability of sensory experience. His approach combined philosophical inquiry with practical experimentation, setting a new standard for scientific investigation. In a startling and dangerous act of self-experimentation, he inserted a bodkin - a thick needle - between his eyeball and eye socket, methodically pressing until he saw "severall white darke & coloured circles" that faded when he held both eye and instrument still. He meticulously documented these observations, noting how pressure, angle, and duration affected the visual phenomena. He also deliberately stared at the sun's reflection until he saw persistent afterimages of colored circles, discovering he could recreate these effects through mental concentration alone. These experiments, while reckless by modern standards, demonstrated his commitment to first-hand observation. After these experiments threatened his vision, he confined himself to a dark room for three days until his sight recovered, carefully recording his recovery process. Newton found significant inspiration in Robert Hooke's "Micrographia," a groundbreaking work that championed careful observation of "material and obvious things" over pure theoretical speculation. The book's detailed illustrations and methodical approach to observation aligned with Newton's own empirical inclinations. Hooke, who would later become Newton's rival in bitter disputes over optical theories and calculus, served as Curator of Experiments for the newly formed Royal Society of London, an institution dedicated to promoting "Experimental Philosophy" under the motto "Nullius in verba" (take nobody's word for it). The Royal Society represented a revolutionary approach to scientific inquiry, embodying a fundamental commitment to open information flow and public science. Rejecting the traditional secrecy of alchemists and natural philosophers, it established global communication networks through correspondence and published transactions. Its founders ambitiously envisioned an "Empire in Learning" where discoveries from around the world would converge in London, with Latin serving as a standardizing language amid Europe's diverse vernacular dialects. They strongly advocated for plain speaking and mathematical language over florid eloquence, recognizing words as "truant things" that required precise definition. This emphasis on clarity and precision in communication would become a hallmark of modern scientific discourse.

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

『ニュートン』の一語一語が音声に合わせてリアルタイムでハイライトされ、自然に読み進められます。

第7章

Discovering the Nature of Light

From his Trinity College chambers, Newton observed tennis players and noted how spinning balls curved through the air due to uneven air pressure-what he termed "reluctancy and reaction." This everyday observation would later influence his understanding of how forces interact with objects in motion. In February 1672, rather than appearing personally before the Royal Society, Newton sent Henry Oldenburg a detailed letter about his optical experiments, which was quickly published in Philosophical Transactions, marking his first major scientific publication. Newton described how six years earlier, in 1666, he had directed sunlight through a prism into a darkened room, creating a rainbow spectrum against the wall. He had deliberately darkened his chamber by drilling a small hole in his window shutters, allowing only a thin beam of sunlight to enter. While the phenomenon of prismatic colors was ancient, known since Roman times and discussed by scholars like Roger Bacon, Newton noticed something unexpected: instead of forming a circular image as conventional wisdom suggested, the refracted light created an oblong shape approximately five times longer than it was wide. This observation led to his crucial experiment (Experimentum Crucis) using two prisms and boards with holes to isolate beams of colored light. He positioned the first prism near his window to create a spectrum, then used a board with a small hole to isolate individual colors. These isolated beams were directed through a second prism, allowing Newton to study each color's properties independently. Through meticulous experimentation, he discovered that different colors refracted at different angles, with blue light bending more sharply than red, and that a second prism neither created new colors nor altered existing ones. This proved his revolutionary conclusion: white light is not pure but a heterogeneous mixture of differently refrangible rays, and prisms don't create colors but merely separate them. This finding directly challenged Aristotle's long-held theory that colors were modifications of white light. The publication sparked immediate controversy, particularly with Robert Hooke, who claimed Newton had stolen his ideas about light diffraction. Newton responded by meticulously analyzing what was truly original in Hooke's work versus what Hooke had borrowed from Descartes' earlier writings on optics. Their dispute escalated through Royal Society meetings, with Oldenburg consistently favoring Newton's position. The controversy became so heated that Newton threatened to withdraw from scientific discourse entirely. Hooke eventually wrote directly to Newton, attempting to reconcile their differences. Newton's famous reply, crafted with calculated politeness, included the now-immortal phrase: "If I have seen further it is by standing on the sholders of Giants." This statement, while appearing humble, was possibly a subtle jab at Hooke's short stature and spinal deformity, demonstrating Newton's skill at combining courtesy with cutting undertones.

第8章

The Secret Pursuits of an Alchemist

By his thirties, Newton had become Europe's preeminent alchemist. He conceived of mercury not just as an element but as a principle inherent in all metals, seeking a special "philosophical mercury" with qualities beyond the common form. Mercury's ability to react with and purify other metals fascinated him, though he unknowingly poisoned himself with its toxic effects. Unlike other experimenters, Newton meticulously weighed chemicals and measured time, while still using his senses to evaluate results. Newton's alchemy sought to understand life's processes-vegetation, putrefaction, corruption and generation. He saw the world as continually dying and being reborn in a great circulation driven by an "active spirit" he identified with light itself, which he connected to God. His vision of nature was organic rather than mechanical, with alchemical language suffused with sexuality-masculine and feminine principles joining to create new substances. For Newton, alchemy merged with theology as a spiritual quest for purification. While mechanical philosophers like Descartes sought explanations free of occult qualities, Newton rebelled against this approach. He sought universal causes rather than separate mechanical explanations for each phenomenon, believing God had implanted principles of motion beyond human understanding. Newton created a massive private Index chemicus cataloging alchemical writings across centuries, work that remained hidden long after his death. Newton approached Christian theology with the same obsessive intensity as his scientific work. He saw himself doing God's work, writing that "Just as the world was created from dark Chaos through the bringing forth of the light... so our work brings forth the beginning out of black chaos and its first matter."

『ニュートン』をもっと深く楽しむ

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第9章

The Birth of Universal Gravitation

In 1680, a comet appeared in the skies. First visible faintly in November's early morning sky, then returning as a dramatic spectacle in December with a tail "broader than the moon" that stretched over King's College Chapel. Newton tracked it almost nightly through early 1681, as did Edmond Halley and Robert Hooke. John Flamsteed, the newly appointed Astronomer Royal, suspected these might be the same comet and shared his observations with Newton through a mutual friend, speculating about the comet's composition and movement. Newton finally responded, rejecting Flamsteed's magnetism theory but crucially acknowledging: "I can easily allow an attractive power in the sun whereby the Planets are kept in their courses about him from going away in tangent lines." Meanwhile, Hooke had written Newton seeking reconciliation and asking for feedback on his published idea that planetary motions resulted from a compound of straight-line tangent motion and "an attractive motion towards the centrall body." Their correspondence quickly evolved into a debate about falling objects and orbital mechanics, with Hooke eventually stating the problem precisely, proposing "that the Attraction always is in a duplicate proportion to the Distance from the Center Reciprocall"-the inverse-square law. Four years later, in August 1684, Edmond Halley visited Cambridge and asked Newton directly: assuming an inverse-square law of attraction toward the sun, what curve would a planet follow? Newton immediately answered "an ellipse," claiming he had calculated this years before but couldn't locate his proof. He promised to redo it. Newton transformed his answer to Halley into a comprehensive treatise. Abandoning his alchemical furnaces and theological manuscripts, he worked feverishly, often standing at his desk, eating minimal meals in his room. When venturing outside, he appeared lost in thought, walking erratically before disappearing indoors again.

第10章

The Principia: A New System of the World

Newton's Principia opened with three fundamental laws of motion: Law 1: "Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed." This refined Galileo's principle of inertia, establishing that rest and uniform motion are equivalent states. Law 2: "A change in motion is proportional to the motive force impressed and takes place along the straight line in which that force is impressed." Force generates motion, with both being quantities that follow mathematical rules. Law 3: "To any action there is always an opposite and equal reaction." Whether a finger pressing a stone or the earth tugging at the moon, interactions are always reciprocal with equal forces in opposite directions. Newton presented his laws as axioms, calling them "laws" (lex)-a deliberate echo of Descartes while intending to supplant him. These laws formed the bedrock of his system, rules of conduct for every piece of creation to obey. Though he cloaked his work in classical geometric style-axioms, lemmas, corollaries-his approach was revolutionary. Behind the static diagrams lay dynamic processes incorporating infinities and infinitesimals. In Book III, "The System of the World," Newton gathered astronomical observations with unprecedented precision. He proved that satellites are pulled toward their centers (Jupiter, sun, or earth) by a force varying inversely with the square of distance. "The moon gravitates toward the earth and by the force of gravity is always drawn back from rectilinear motion and kept in its orbit." Newton declared: "It is now established that this force is gravity, and therefore we shall call it gravity from now on." This universal gravitation meant every particle of matter attracts every other particle throughout the universe. From this principle, he calculated planetary densities, explained Earth's oblate shape, accounted for the precession of Earth's axis, and developed a comprehensive theory of comets and tides.

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『ニュートン』の一語一語が音声に合わせてリアルタイムでハイライトされ、自然に読み進められます。

第11章

The Lion in Winter: Newton's Later Years

As the 17th century ended, Newton's published work consisted mainly of the Principia, scarce and valuable at two guineas per copy. His legend spread by word of mouth among a tiny community of scholars. Johann Bernoulli recognized Newton's anonymous solution to a geometry problem "ex ungue leonem"-the lion by his claw. Leibniz told the Queen of Prussia that in mathematics, there was all previous history and then Newton, "the better half." When England's money faced crisis-worn silver pennies and fluctuating guineas created monetary chaos-Charles Montague appointed Newton as Warden of the Mint in 1696. Newton transformed this traditionally ceremonial position into one of intense industrial management, supervising round-the-clock operations at the Tower of London. In 1700, he became Master, earning both salary and percentage of coinage, growing wealthy while establishing a comfortable London home. He pursued counterfeiters with righteous fury, personally overseeing prosecutions as Justice of the Peace. William Chaloner, who both counterfeited guineas and accused the Mint itself of making false money, went to the gallows despite his desperate final plea. Newton took the Trial of the Pyx seriously, meticulously preparing for these ceremonial tests of the coinage's weight and purity. His precision brought standardization to unprecedented levels, earning him knighthood from Queen Anne in 1705. With Hooke's death in 1703, Newton finally returned to the Royal Society, not merely as a member but as President. He attended nearly every meeting, commented on almost every paper, controlled council membership, and displayed the royal mace only when personally presiding. He also published Opticks, his second great work, in English prose rather than Latin mathematics, describing experiments on light, color, reflection, and refraction that he had suppressed since 1675 "to avoid being engaged in Disputes."

第12章

A Legacy That Transformed the World

Newton died early Sunday, March 19, 1727, having refused the church's sacrament on his deathbed. Despite amassing a considerable fortune of 31,821-including crimson-furnished rooms, mathematical instruments, thousands of books, and gold bars-he left no will. His papers, sold at auction in 1936, revealed to John Maynard Keynes not the cold rationalist of legend but "the last of the magicians, the last of the Babylonians and Sumerians." Newton's influence transformed science and culture. His predictions about the earth's oblate shape were confirmed by French expeditions. Halley demonstrated Newtonianism's power by accurately predicting celestial events, including a solar eclipse in 1715 that the Royal Society witnessed. As Newtonianism evolved into orthodoxy, it inspired both followers and critics across disciplines. The Romantic poets later rebelled against Newton's rational worldview-Keats lamented that he had "unweaved the rainbow," while Blake portrayed him as both demigod and enemy of imagination, blaming him for mechanization and "dark Satanic mills." Despite claims that Einstein's relativity overthrew Newtonian physics, Einstein himself acknowledged Newton's enduring significance: "His great and lucid ideas will retain their unique significance for all time as the foundation of our whole modern conceptual structure in the sphere of natural philosophy." Newton had actually anticipated aspects of modern physics, questioning whether true rest or equable motion existed, speculating about the convertibility of light and matter, and theorizing about forces at the subatomic level. His legacy established enduring principles: that a few general laws govern the universe's myriad properties, and that the universe's building blocks and laws are everywhere the same. As Newton himself had written on an abandoned sheet: "To explain all nature is too difficult a task for any one man or even for any one age. Tis much better to do a little with certainty & leave the rest for others that come after you."

★★★★★

『ニュートン』を最後まで読み終えました

“23日間、毎日使い続けています。今では日課の一部です。”

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『ニュートン』の要約の主要テーマ

scientific revolution
mathematical physics
intellectual isolation
corpuscular theory
natural philosophy

『ニュートン』の要約の名言集

"Everything that is in motion must be moved by something," Aristotle insisted.
"What imployment is he fit for? What is hee good for?"
"Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but truth my greater friend."
No one truly understands mathematical genius.
Truth [is] the offspring of silence and meditation.

『ニュートン』の要約の登場人物

HannahNewton's mother who left him as a child
Barnabas SmithNewton's stepfather and a wealthy rector
Isaac BarrowCambridge's first mathematics professor

著者について

『アイザック・ニュートン』のベストセラー著者であり、高く評価されている科学史家でもあるジェイムズ・グリックは、緻密なリサーチと物語的な才能を融合させ、科学史における極めて重要な人物たちを深く掘り下げています。

1954年にニューヨーク市で生まれ、ハーバード大学で学んだグリックは、『ニューヨーク・タイムズ』の編集者および記者としてその腕を磨きました。その後、『カオス：新しい科学をつくる』や『情報の歴史：象形文字から量子コンピュータまで』といった、全米図書賞やプルリッツァー賞のファイナリストに選ばれた名著を執筆しました。

『リチャード・ファインマン：科学、生、その世界』を含む彼の伝記作品は、革新性と人間の複雑さの相互作用を解剖し、学術的な厳密さと一般の理解を繋ぐ架け橋としての地位を確立しました。雑誌『メトロポリス』の創刊編集者であり、初期のインターネットサービスの先駆者でもあるグリックの著作は、30以上の言語に翻訳され、『ニューヨーク・レビュー・オブ・ブックス』にも寄稿されています。

プルリッツァー賞の最終候補に残った彼のニュートン伝記は、この物理学者の革命的な洞察を平易な散文へと凝縮しており、難解な科学的概念を説得力のある物語へと変貌させるグリック特有の手腕が反映されています。

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@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

BeFreedがウェブ上でどのように話題になっているかをもっと見る

コロンビア大学卒業生が開発サンフランシスコ発

BeFreedは好奇心旺盛な仲間が集うグローバルコミュニティ

4.7

平均評価

7,840件以上のアプリ評価

BeFreed Community

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

BeFreedがウェブ上でどのように話題になっているかをもっと見る

今すぐ学習の旅を始めよう

第6章

『ニュートン』の要約

『ニュートン』の要約の概要

『ニュートン』の要約をさまざまな学習スタイルで探る

The Genius Who Deciphered the Universe's Laws

A Solitary Child in Revolutionary Times

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Questioning Everything: Newton's Intellectual Awakening

The Mathematical Revolution Begins

『ニュートン』をもっと深く楽しむ

The Infinitesimal and the Birth of Calculus

The Experimentalist's Mind and Body

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Discovering the Nature of Light

The Secret Pursuits of an Alchemist

『ニュートン』をもっと深く楽しむ

The Birth of Universal Gravitation

The Principia: A New System of the World

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

The Lion in Winter: Newton's Later Years

A Legacy That Transformed the World

『ニュートン』を最後まで読み終えました

『ニュートン』の要約の主要テーマ

『ニュートン』の要約の名言集

『ニュートン』の要約の登場人物

著者について

ニュートンの要約をダウンロード

他のユーザーのお気に入り

『ニュートン』の要約についてのよくある質問

What is Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton about?

Who should read Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton?

Is Bedtime Biography: Isaac Newton worth reading?

Who is James Gleick?

もっと見る

BeFreedは好奇心旺盛な仲間が集うグローバルコミュニティ

BeFreedは好奇心旺盛な仲間が集うグローバルコミュニティ

『ニュートン』の要約をさまざまな学習スタイルで探る

The Genius Who Deciphered the Universe's Laws

A Solitary Child in Revolutionary Times

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Questioning Everything: Newton's Intellectual Awakening

The Mathematical Revolution Begins

『ニュートン』をもっと深く楽しむ

The Infinitesimal and the Birth of Calculus

The Experimentalist's Mind and Body

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Discovering the Nature of Light

The Secret Pursuits of an Alchemist

『ニュートン』をもっと深く楽しむ

The Birth of Universal Gravitation

The Principia: A New System of the World

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

The Lion in Winter: Newton's Later Years

A Legacy That Transformed the World

『ニュートン』を最後まで読み終えました

他のユーザーのお気に入り

もっと見る