What is *How to Think Like a Woman* about?

*How to Think Like a Woman* by Regan Penaluna combines memoir, biography, and feminist critique to explore the lives of four overlooked 17th- and 18th-century women philosophers—Mary Wollstonecraft, Damaris Masham, Catharine Cockburn, and Margaret Cavendish. It examines their contributions to philosophy while critiquing systemic sexism in academia and the erasure of women’s intellectual labor.

Who should read *How to Think Like a Woman*?

This book appeals to readers interested in feminist philosophy, women’s history, and critiques of patriarchal systems. It’s particularly relevant for those exploring gender disparities in academia or seeking alternative histories of philosophy that highlight marginalized voices.

Is *How to Think Like a Woman* worth reading?

Yes. The book is a *New York Times* Editors’ Choice and award-winning work praised for its sharp analysis, humor, and blend of personal narrative with historical research. It offers a fresh perspective on philosophy’s gendered biases and celebrates women’s intellectual resilience.

What philosophers are featured in *How to Think Like a Woman*?

Penaluna focuses on Mary Wollstonecraft (known for *A Vindication of the Rights of Woman*), Damaris Masham (proto-feminist ethicist), Catharine Cockburn (moral philosopher), and Margaret Cavendish (natural philosopher). Their work challenges the male-dominated canon and redefines philosophical thought through a feminist lens.

How does *How to Think Like a Woman* critique traditional philosophy?

The book argues that Western philosophy has systematically excluded women, perpetuating misogynistic narratives that devalue female intellect. Penaluna highlights sexist quotes from canonical male philosophers and contrasts them with the marginalized yet groundbreaking ideas of women thinkers.

What personal experiences does Regan Penaluna share in the book?

Penaluna recounts her struggles in academia, including dismissive attitudes toward women philosophers, harassment, and a marriage that stifled her confidence. These experiences mirror the historical challenges faced by the women she profiles.

What are key quotes from *How to Think Like a Woman*?

Notable quotes include Penaluna’s observation that “patriarchy makes it hard for a woman to think for herself” and her critique of philosophy’s “circular logic” justifying women’s exclusion. The book also resurrects marginalized ideas, like Cavendish’s holistic view of nature.

How does the book address historical erasure of women in philosophy?

Penaluna reconstructs an “alternative history” by analyzing fragmented works of women philosophers, arguing their domestic responsibilities and societal constraints limited their output. She emphasizes how their ideas, though suppressed, laid groundwork for feminist thought.

女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語

知的生活のあり方を教えてくれた4人の女性哲学者

リーガン・ペナルーナ

3.96(1565 Reviews)

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の概要

『How to Think Like a Woman』の中で、リーガン・ペナルーナは、哲学に深く根ざした女性蔑視に異を唱えながら、歴史から抹消された4人の女性哲学者の存在を蘇らせます。Inc.誌の「Non-Obvious Book Awards」にも選出された、回想録であり批判書でもある本作は、次のような問いを投げかけます。なぜ優れた女性思想家たちは、知の歴史から組織的に排除されてきたのか。そして、彼女たちの抹消は私たちにどのような代償をもたらしているのか。

語り方を選ぶ

1冊の本。さまざまな聴き方。

女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語の同じアイデアを、あなたに合う声・深さ・ペースで学べます。いつでも切り替えられます。

第1章

When Women Philosophers Challenged the Status Quo

In the quiet corners of philosophical history lies a revolutionary book that's been making waves since its publication. "How to Think Like a Woman" by Regan Penaluna has become a favorite among celebrities like Emma Watson and Gloria Steinem, who have praised its illuminating excavation of forgotten female philosophers. The book has sparked reading groups across university campuses and inspired countless women to reconsider their relationship with intellectual pursuits. What makes this work particularly compelling is how Penaluna weaves her personal journey through academia with the rediscovery of brilliant women thinkers who challenged philosophical traditions centuries ago. As we navigate contemporary discussions about gender equality in intellectual spaces, this book offers both historical perspective and personal resonance, reminding us that women have always been thinking deeply-even when the philosophical canon pretended they weren't.

第2章

The Awakening of a Woman Thinker

My philosophical journey began in graduate school, when Professor Berg posed a question that would haunt me for years: "Why haven't women achieved the highest levels of thought?" As one of only two women in the room, I felt suddenly trapped, my identity as a thinker called into question. Though I'd been raised to believe gender wouldn't limit me professionally, this moment revealed the uncomfortable truth that in philosophy, I wasn't simply a thinker but a "woman thinker"-a category laden with assumptions about intellectual capacity. Growing up in Iowa, I'd always been drawn to metaphysical questions. My childhood was filled with religious questioning, first finding intellectual stimulation in Bible studies led by Stella, a farmer who had once hoped to become a Catholic priest. She showed me how philosophical ideas could be liberating, though I eventually outgrew the confines of religious thinking. In college, philosophy replaced religion as my intellectual home, particularly during a sophomore class on early modern philosophy where Pascal's concept of humans existing between two infinities electrified me. Despite feeling intellectually at home in philosophy, graduate school gradually eroded my confidence. The department seemed uncomfortable around female students-male professors kept their distance, creating unequal mentoring opportunities. I scrutinized my behavior constantly, growing increasingly timid and passive. Most troublingly, I completed my coursework without ever studying a single woman philosopher. What I discovered outside of class was even more disturbing. In my own reading, I began collecting the philosophers' misogynistic statements in notebooks-Democritus declaring that "to be ruled by a woman is the ultimate outrage for a man," Aristotle describing females as "disabled males" and "natural mutilations," Galen calling women "colder" and "less perfect" than men. This documentation became unexpectedly therapeutic, offering brief transcendence from the grinding effects of sexism. As I struggled with whether philosophy was truly for me, I made a discovery that would change everything. While researching the Cambridge Platonists for my dissertation, I found a footnote mentioning Damaris Cudworth (Lady Masham), who had written philosophical treatises. This led me to uncover early women philosophers who argued that women were intellectually equal to men-women who had faced the same doubts and obstacles I was experiencing centuries later.

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の一語一語が音声に合わせてリアルタイムでハイライトされ、自然に読み進められます。

第3章

A Room of Her Own: Mary Astell's Radical Vision

Mary Astell (1666-1731) captivated me with her boldness and unapologetic ambition. During a time when only 25 percent of English women could write and philosophy was considered inappropriate for women, Astell produced four books of philosophy, political essays, and poetry. She challenged sexist ideas from famous philosophers and advocated for women's education as essential for both personal happiness and societal contribution. In 1694, Astell anonymously published "A Serious Proposal to the Ladies," offering an ethics of the good life specifically for women. Central to her book was a radical proposal for an all-women's college-a revolutionary concept that would provide women space to develop intellectually away from patriarchal thinking. She argued women were as rational as men but lived as "Machins" devoid of mind-following orders mechanically rather than thinking for themselves. This wasn't natural inferiority but social conditioning that "spreads its ill Influence through all our Lives." Her proposed college would be located outside town as a "blissful recess from the noise and hurry of the World" where women could escape patriarchal thinking. Unlike Socrates who preferred philosophy in the city among men, Astell recognized women needed supportive community to foster self-esteem and ambition. Students would study Descartes, Malebranche, and female scholars while cultivating their souls and discovering their God-given talents. Despite her book selling well through multiple editions, Astell never secured funding for her college. Princess Anne reportedly considered donating 10,000 pounds until philosopher Gilbert Burnet advised against it, finding the proposal too similar to a Catholic nunnery during England's anti-Catholic period. Beyond changing women's minds, Astell aimed to transform philosophy itself. She critiqued Hobbes, Locke, and Milton for their contradictory views on freedom and equality, famously asking: "If all Men are born free, how is it that all Women are born slaves?" She identified a fundamental flaw in male intellectual attitudes-a pride that led to falsehoods. Writing during a pivotal shift when curiosity was becoming acceptable for men, Astell noted that women's curiosity remained condemned, with intellectually gifted women often viewed as "Monsters" or biological anomalies. Most audaciously, Astell proposed the single woman as an intellectual ideal-one with sharp reason and compassion, best suited to manifest God's will. "The whole World is a single Lady's Family," she wrote, suggesting unmarried women could reform society through their "natural and unprejudic'd Sentiments." Though largely forgotten after her death from breast cancer in 1731, Astell influenced Virginia Woolf, who credited her with originating the idea for a women's college.

第4章

The Women Behind the Men: Love and Intellectual Partnership

The stories of women philosophers and their relationships with male philosophers reveal patterns of intellectual subordination and dismissal. Maria von Herbert wrote to Kant about her suicidal thoughts, seeking guidance from his moral philosophy. Kant responded as her "moral physician," offering cold advice while privately believing women were inferior in reason and virtue. When Herbert wrote again confessing she'd abandoned her studies because she wasn't "genius enough," Kant never replied, instead collecting their correspondence as an "Example of Warning" for another woman. Similarly, Harriet Taylor's intellectual partnership with John Stuart Mill was dismissed despite Mill's insistence that works like "On Liberty" belonged "as much to her as to me." Though he proclaimed her co-authorship of all his published writings, critics claimed she merely "bewitched" him and had nothing to do with his best ideas. After her death, history largely erased her contributions, revealing our cultural default: we know Mill, but who was Taylor? My own relationship with Alex, a graduate teaching fellow whose theoretical explanations transformed difficult concepts into objects I could grasp, followed similar patterns. Our intellectual dynamic grew painful-I increasingly relied on his validation of my philosophical ideas, which paradoxically undermined my confidence and led to intellectual isolation. When he proposed, I accepted, believing his presence would help me navigate philosophy's "boys' club." I often framed my romantic and intellectual life as a ladder, following Socrates's teaching in Plato's Symposium where we ascend from imperfect lovers toward apprehending truth through reason alone. Yet I felt more like Alcibiades, who loved Socrates not for his embodying universal truths but for his unique traits, experiencing both love and humiliation in this attachment. My relationships with Alex and with philosophy itself weren't ennobling me as promised. Instead, I felt both love and shame, afraid to let go of either attachment for fear of disintegrating into "nothingness" or becoming "a lesser being." These insecurities resonated with Damaris Masham's writings, where I recognized how a relationship with a more advanced philosopher could provide self-worth but create intellectual dependency that would destabilize a woman's intellectual life in ways it wouldn't for a man.

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』をもっと深く楽しむ

毎日の新しい気づきを10万件以上のレッスンから
言葉をハイライトして音声と同期
ライブラリを保存して、どの端末からでも利用

第5章

'Fitts' and Starts: Damaris Masham's Philosophical Journey

Damaris Cudworth Masham maintained a twenty-year correspondence with John Locke that was intellectual, personal, and occasionally romantic. Born in 1659, Masham grew up at Christ's College, Cambridge, where her father Ralph Cudworth served as master. Despite living at one of Europe's oldest research centers, she faced severe restrictions as a woman, denied instruction in Latin and Greek despite her intellectual curiosity. At twenty-two, still living with her parents, Masham attended a London Christmas party where she met John Locke. He was forty-nine, already famous though not yet the philosophical giant we know today. Their correspondence became playful, humorous, and cerebral, with Locke eager to learn about Cambridge Platonism from Masham, whom he praised as exceptionally brilliant. Despite this flattery, Masham often fell into dark moods she called "Fitts" when faced with his philosophical questions, feeling overwhelming pressure to perform intellectually. As their relationship deepened, Masham realized she was in love with Locke, writing that she "cannot forget you." When political upheaval forced Locke to flee to Holland, their relationship stalled. After two years of waiting and heartache, Masham finally accepted that Locke would not commit, lamenting that of all things, she "should the most Hate to be thought a Neglected Mistress." At twenty-six, Masham resolved her "Puzling Difficultie about Matrimonie" by accepting a proposal from Sir Francis Masham, a widower with nine children. Though Masham initially believed she could maintain her intellectual life alongside her new domestic responsibilities, reality proved otherwise. Six months after her marriage, she lamented to Locke that "Household Affaires are the Opium of the Soul," as her philosophy books now shared space with "Receits and Account Books" and her "Spining Wheel." In her writings, Masham described the nightmare of being an intelligent woman in rural England. A smart woman was intimidating, mocked, and gossiped about. Her local parson avoided her, her doctor found her peculiar, and neighbors rarely visited. "Her very being is a threat to the world as such," Masham observed. Even with leisure for philosophy, a woman faced "general dislike" that a male philosopher would never experience. When Masham was thirty-one, Locke moved into her home at Oates. Their intellectual companionship flourished as Locke introduced her to prominent thinkers like Isaac Newton and connected her with respected publisher Awnsham Churchill. In December 1694, Locke shared with Masham the philosophical exchange between John Norris and Mary Astell. This provoked Masham to emerge from obscurity and write her first book, "A Discourse Concerning the Love of God" (1696), criticizing Astell and Norris for defending Malebranche's ideas about women. Masham forcefully countered Malebranche's philosophy, which claimed mothers transferred humanity's intellectual handicap to their babies in the womb. She defended the necessity of loving people and things, using parenting as an example: "We love our Children, or Friends" and naturally desire their well-being. She mocked those who claimed otherwise as "Heads cast in Metaphysical Moulds." In her 1705 book "Occasional Thoughts," Masham addressed women's education, arguing women's minds weren't truly free. She boldly asserted that "all Science lyes as open to a Lady as to a Man," while acknowledging women should prioritize knowledge related to their duties. Recognizing the challenge of confidence after lifelong messaging about women's intellectual inferiority, Masham proposed a two-tiered reform: women cultivating individual thought autonomy and society providing girls rigorous education.

第6章

The Demons of Doubt: Overcoming Internal and External Obstacles

The author explores how philosophers invoke demons when doubtful, noting Descartes' famous demon thought experiment likely came from Teresa of Avila, a sixteenth-century nun whose demon visitations couldn't make her doubt the act of thinking itself. Women are especially adept at philosophical doubt because their judgment and authority are undermined during socialization. Unlike Descartes, whose demon was merely theoretical, the author's self-doubt operates like a persistent demon on her shoulder. Throughout her academic struggles, the author's inner demon voice constantly undermines her confidence. This voice questions her worth, suggesting she was only hired to keep her spouse around, and argues she chose dependency over autonomy. The demon accuses her of willfully embracing impotence to avoid judgment and suggests her depression and anxiety stem from fear of using her own voice. When the author asks how to gain self-respect, the demon responds "by taking risks," though she recognizes the risks seem greater for women. Despite her love for philosophy, the demon reminds her there was "no promise that it would love you back." The author draws inspiration from philosopher Damaris Masham, who advocated diving into love despite its risks. Unlike philosophers who sought safety in loving unchanging ideals like God, Masham embraced the messy interdependence of human love as the only path to enlightenment. The author recognizes this path is particularly challenging for women, whose "feelings, opinions, presence, life, works, and impact are belittled, glanced at, or ignored," explaining why women often develop more slowly professionally than men. Masham's message resonates: "Do not retreat. A woman's path to self-knowledge requires her to risk losing herself to find herself."

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の一語一語が音声に合わせてリアルタイムでハイライトされ、自然に読み進められます。

第7章

Heroes: Finding Freedom Through Difficult Choices

One balmy July evening, I'm studying French in a Vermont dorm room I share with Alex, my husband of four years. We've pushed twin beds together and signed a language pledge to speak only French for seven weeks, reducing our communication to single words and gestures. Away from home, I fill my time with language study and new friendships, experiencing an unexpected joy and fullness I hadn't felt in years. While reading a children's book in French, I gaze out the window at distant plane trees, triggering a memory from nine years earlier when I'd traveled alone in India. With sudden clarity, I realize I've sidelined myself into passivity, filling me with sadness and rage. During our second week of French class, Zuzanna, a beautiful, charismatic student, convinces me to attend the program's costume ball. That day in class, I pair with Orhan, a medical student from Istanbul, for an exercise about furnishing an imaginary apartment. We share a playful chemistry, and I begin noticing other married students' behavior-Sarah openly criticizing her absent husband while flirting with a younger classmate, and John pursuing another woman despite his wife being at home. Zuzanna convinces me to attend the costume ball while Alex studies at the library. She and Sarah transform me with makeup and hair styling, placing a medal made of red foam and gold glitter around my neck to complete my track star costume. Their gentle touches and acceptance make me realize how lonely I've been. Looking in the mirror at my bright smile, I feel ignited but also struck by a clear realization: I don't want Alex to join me, and I don't want to be with him anymore. Days later, I find Alex in the library and ask to talk. Sitting in Adirondack chairs on the quad, I end our marriage. I explain my struggle to be my own person despite years of trying. Alex doesn't protest, and we agree to finish the program separately. Weeks later in our Iowa apartment, we sign divorce papers. I move back with my parents eighty miles away, borrowing their convertible to commute to the college where Alex and I both teach. When my parents ask about my future plans, I reveal I've resigned from my tenure-track position without alternatives. I mention possibly moving to Brooklyn, Portland, or Chicago. What I don't tell them is how after separating from Alex, I confessed my feelings to Orhan in French, and we spent several nights together before the program ended. Now, despite my daydreams about meeting his family, Orhan repeatedly cancels calls and avoids me, finally making his disinterest clear. Facing myself, I'm repulsed to see how quickly I'd attached my future to another man after leaving Alex. I realize I don't need a man to stifle me-I can do it myself. Despite dreaming of independence, I've fallen into the sidekick role, enjoying proximity to a hero if I can't be one. Like Wollstonecraft, who was susceptible to Imlay despite championing women's freedom, I see my knee-jerk submissiveness as a warning of what could happen without vigilance. In October, I secure an adjunct teaching position in New York City, planning to move before January. Leaving behind job security, community, and a good partner terrifies me, but also makes me feel alive-I finally grasp that only I can save myself.

第8章

Into the Hands of Virginia Woolf: Rediscovering Lost Voices

I rent a small fifth-floor bedroom in a shared East Village apartment, with large windows overlooking the street and rooftops. Free from seeing myself through a man's lens, I discover joy in simple activities-choosing my own food, making friends, browsing used bookstores, and observing city life. My days feel slow and rich with meaning. I teach three courses at a university in Queens, taking the F train to its second-to-last stop. The department chair offers me a future four-year contract with health insurance, though it won't be renewable due to budget constraints. Despite this temporary security, I face the grim reality of academia's job market, especially for someone specializing in early modern women philosophers. I become interested in how early women philosophers survived in historical memory despite their exclusion from the canon, discovering the story of George Ballard, an eighteenth-century English historian. Ballard, a dressmaker from humble origins, became interested in forgotten British women writers through his friendship with Elizabeth Elstob, a former Saxon scholar. He decided to document these overlooked women, declaring: "I know not how it hath happened that very many ingenious women of this nation... have been passed by in silence by our greatest biographers." Despite thirteen years of research, Ballard's 1752 book "Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain" faced resistance. Male colleagues forced him to remove his passionate defenses of women, including his critique of men who claimed exceptional women merely "acted above their sex." The compromised book sold poorly, and Ballard died three years later from "too intense application to his studies." I discover that Ballard was just one of many writers throughout history who tried to preserve women's intellectual contributions. Despite these efforts, most women philosophers remain unknown today. What's most striking is that the female philosophical perspective isn't a modern invention. Women philosophers weren't late arrivals-they've been present since philosophy's beginnings, offering critical perspectives on their oppressive conditions.

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』をもっと深く楽しむ

毎日の新しい気づきを10万件以上のレッスンから
言葉をハイライトして音声と同期
ライブラリを保存して、どの端末からでも利用

第9章

Bedtime Stories: A Global History of Women Philosophers

Very little is known about philosopher Gargi Vacaknavi, who lived in India twenty-eight hundred years ago. During a prestigious philosophical debate hosted by King Janaka, Gargi was the only sage able to hold her own against Yajnavalkya. When she pressed him with difficult questions, he warned: "Gargi, do not ask too many questions, or your head will shatter apart." Another renowned woman in King Janaka's time was Sulabha, a Hindu nun who mastered rhetoric and yoga while wandering in pursuit of truth. She believed women's minds equaled men's and could be sages too. When Sulabha heard Janaka claimed wisdom, she traveled to test him, questioning how one could achieve spiritual freedom while holding power. Across continents and centuries, women philosophers persisted despite overwhelming barriers. Charlotte Perkins Gilman challenged economic systems dependent on women's unpaid labor in her 1898 work "Women and Economics." Black women intellectuals like Maria W. Stewart questioned how long "fair daughters of Africa" would bury their talents beneath kitchenware. Sojourner Truth famously asked "Ain't I a woman?" to white feminists ignoring Black women. Anna Julia Cooper's 1892 book "A Voice from the South" argued that women's cause must be broader than "aristocratic pink tea," examining how race, gender and class intersect. During my early months in New York, I built a city of women from library materials-not lonely work, as their ideas animated my consciousness. I joined a vast scholarly conjuring that connected independent imaginations across time and space, revealing a philosophy less male, white, and European-more human, complex, and alive.

第10章

Monsters: Catharine Cockburn's Revolutionary Vision

As a new mother, I find particular resonance in Catharine Trotter Cockburn's work, which addresses the unacknowledged crisis of reconciling women's intellectual freedom with traditional duties to others. Maternal guilt, I realize, emerged as a byproduct of Enlightenment thinking, and Cockburn was among the earliest to explore this territory. Born Catharine Trotter (either in 1674 or 1679), she lost her father to plague in 1684. Despite family connections to royalty, she faced financial hardship afterward. Young Cockburn immersed herself in books, teaching herself logic and French, and impressing relatives with spontaneous poetry recitations. Her intellectual independence manifested early-as a teenager, she converted to Catholicism against family tradition, demonstrating remarkable self-determination. Cockburn emerged into public view through her writing, beginning with a poem to Bevil Higgons after his recovery from smallpox. That same year she published her novella "The Adventures of a Young Lady," which championed girls' education through its protagonist Olinda, a thirteen-year-old who navigates unwanted attention from older men through her own judgment rather than relying on others. Cockburn's theatrical ambitions went beyond entertainment-she wanted transformation. Unlike most English playwrights, her plays' "chief design is to instruct whilst they delight." She used surprising plot turns to keep audiences engaged while showcasing brilliant female characters with reasoning powers equal to men's. In 1702, Cockburn published "A Defence of Mr. Locke's Essay of Human Understanding" anonymously, knowing "a woman's name would give a prejudice against a work of this nature." She expanded Locke's hints about morality into a vision compatible with Christianity. When Locke discovered her identity, he sent books, money, and praise for her "strength and clearness of reasoning." After becoming a mother, Cockburn published nothing for almost seventeen years. She later explained to Alexander Pope that she "bid adieu to the muses, and so wholly gave myself up to the cares of a family, and the education of my children." Despite her claims of abandoning intellectual pursuits, Cockburn secretly continued writing, composing fictional letters between women discussing friendship and domestic challenges. In 1726, with her children more independent, Cockburn resumed publishing philosophical works. She died in 1749 at seventy-five, nearly forgotten by the world. Before her death, Cockburn and her friend Henry Etough compiled her works for publication. Her portrait shows no outward agitation, though frustration was her first response to patriarchy. Instead, it reveals calm rejection-living with personal integrity while working to change an unfair world, her intelligent eyes showing the unmovable female gaze.

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の一語一語が音声に合わせてリアルタイムでハイライトされ、自然に読み進められます。

第11章

Muses: Finding My Own Path

Those same eyes were staring at me from a book on my office desk as I packed up my belongings after resigning from my teaching job in Queens. With my newly earned master's degree in journalism, I was leaving a year earlier than planned to seek new opportunities. My three-year-old son helped me load books and papers, shook my colleague Jim's hand, and sat drawing and eating candy during my final feminist philosophy class. Soon after, I joined an ambitious science magazine startup in Manhattan. The work proved intellectually stimulating and collaborative-fact-checking, writing, and editing alongside a team producing high-caliber content. Throughout, I advocated for greater representation, pushing for more pieces by women, people of color, and LGBTQI community members, highlighting both their achievements and their historical suppression in science. Standing in a bookstore years later, I discovered a new philosophy history text that, across 584 pages of individual thinkers, included not a single woman. This transported me back to Berg's classroom, but instead of feeling shame, I felt angry defiance. I imagined confronting him, building networks of allies, and studying under professors who valued gender theory. The torment associated with that memory had diminished; I felt suddenly free. My philosophical journey wasn't shaped by contemplating eternal truths as Aristotle described, but through confronting systems of oppression. In this sense, I am a woman thinker. While I don't believe there's one way to think like a woman, patriarchy makes it difficult for women to think independently and voice their thoughts. Astell, Masham, Cockburn, and Wollstonecraft provided me intellectual community and taught me that freedom comes through helping others find their voices. We need to rethink the concept of a philosophical canon itself, creating a history of thought that represents the true human intellectual endeavor: inconclusive, constantly renewing, and wildly dynamic.

★★★★★

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』を最後まで読み終えました

100万人以上の学習者に愛用されています

“23日間、毎日使い続けています。今では日課の一部です。”

jayallen

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の主要テーマ

canonical misogyny
forgotten female philosophers
patriarchal academic culture
intellectual gender equality
feminist philosophical recovery

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の名言

Why haven't women achieved the highest levels of thought?
To be ruled by a woman is the ultimate outrage for a man.
The whole World is a single Lady's Family.
Women were as rational as men but lived as Machins devoid of mind.

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の登場人物

Regan PenalunaAuthor and philosopher sharing her journey
Mary Astell17th-century philosopher and education advocate
Damaris CudworthEarly woman philosopher and Lady Masham
Professor BergGraduate professor who questioned women's thought
StellaFarmer and Bible study leader who inspired Regan

著者について

『How to Think Like a Woman: Four Women Philosophers Who Taught Me How to Love the Life of the Mind』の著者であるリーガン・ペナルーナは、知性史、フェミニズム、そして回想録を橋渡しする著作で知られる、受賞歴のあるジャーナリストであり哲学者です。ボストン大学で哲学の博士号を、またジャーナリズムの修士号を取得しているペナルーナは、厳格な学術的洞察と親しみやすいストーリーテリングを融合させています。ジャンルを横断してフェミニズム哲学を探求した彼女の著書は、17世紀から18世紀の思想家であるメアリ・アステル、ダマリス・マシャム、メアリ・ウルストンクラフト、キャサリン・コックバーンの生涯と、男性中心の哲学の世界を歩んできた彼女自身の道のりを織り交ぜています。

『Guernica』のシニア・ノンフィクション・エディターであり、『Nautilus Magazine』の元エディターでもあるペナルーナの執筆活動は、『The Atlantic』誌に掲載され、ケイト・マンのような学者からは、その「情熱的な散文」と文化的妥当性が高く評価されています。

ジェンダー不平等と知的な抹消に関する彼女の分析は、編集者としての専門知識と学術的背景に裏打ちされており、現代のフェミニスト言説における不可欠な声としての地位を確立しています。『How to Think Like a Woman』は、哲学における歴史的な女性の周縁化に対する毅然とした批判が評価され「必読書」と称賛されており、世界中の主要な思想家やメディアから支持を得ています。

女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語の要約をダウンロード

女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語の要約をPDFまたはEPUBで無料でダウンロード。印刷やオフラインでいつでもお読みいただけます。

他のユーザーのお気に入り

Pussy

Regena Thomashauer

How to Be a Woman

Caitlin Moran

The female brain

Louann Brizendine

How to Think Like a Philosopher

Peter Cave

The Visionaries

Wolfram Eilenberger

This Is Woman's Work

Dominique Christina

Alchemy and the hidden history of women philosophers の書籍表紙

24 sources

Alchemy and the hidden history of women philosophers

Philosophinnen im Philosophie- und Ethikunt... ID:26788

Philosophinnen sichtbar machen – Handreichungen für Forschung, Lehre und Unterricht - LehrGut

Verbundprojekt Bildersturm – Frauen in der Philosophie sichtbar machen und neue Vorbilder etablieren - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

6 sources

The Missing Voices of Philosophy

この本に関するよくある質問

学習プラン

The Female Eunuch: Reclaiming Vitality

This plan is essential for anyone seeking to understand the radical roots of modern feminism and the social construction of gender. It is ideal for students of sociology, gender studies, or readers looking to reclaim their personal autonomy from societal expectations.

1 h 12 m•3 セクション

学習プラン

Female authors

This learning plan provides essential knowledge for anyone seeking to understand the vital contributions of women to world literature and feminist thought. It's particularly valuable for students of literature, gender studies, and cultural history, as well as readers who want to broaden their literary perspectives beyond traditionally male-dominated canons. By exploring both historical pioneers and contemporary voices, learners gain insight into how women writers have shaped—and continue to shape—our cultural conversations about identity, equality, and human experience.

4 h 37 m•4 セクション

学習プラン

Understand women

This plan is essential for anyone seeking to bridge the communication gap and build stronger, more empathetic relationships with women. It is particularly beneficial for individuals looking to move beyond surface-level interactions toward a deep, science-based understanding of female psychology and social dynamics.

3 h 24 m•4 セクション

学習プラン

The Birth of Wisdom

This plan bridges the gap between ancient logic and modern existential critique, offering a powerful toolkit for independent thought. It is ideal for students of philosophy, debaters, or anyone seeking to liberate their mind from conventional biases.

1 h•2 セクション

学習プラン

The Edited Woman: Sovereignty & Artistry

This program is essential for women who feel their creative potential is limited by external expectations or internal blocks. It is designed for aspiring and established artists who want to align their personal autonomy with their professional craft.

5 h 40 m•4 セクション

学習プラン

The Evolution of the Feminine Principle

This plan provides a critical framework for understanding how the social status of women was systematically reshaped from prehistory to the digital age. It is ideal for students of sociology, history, and media studies seeking to understand the roots of gender inequality.

1 h 45 m•3 セクション

学習プラン

Female Psychology & Communication Essentials

Effective communication with women requires understanding the unique psychological and biological factors that influence female thought patterns and behaviors. This learning plan bridges the knowledge gap that often creates misunderstandings between genders, benefiting anyone seeking to improve their relationships with women, whether personal or professional.

3 h 43 m•4 セクション

学習プラン

Deep thinking & philosophy

This learning plan offers a comprehensive journey through philosophy's most transformative ideas, from ancient wisdom to contemporary thought. It's ideal for curious minds seeking to think more deeply, question assumptions, and develop a coherent worldview that integrates rigorous intellectual inquiry with practical wisdom for navigating life's complexities and finding authentic meaning.

5 h 24 m•4 セクション

コロンビア大学卒業生がサンフランシスコで開発

LOVED BY

1,000,000+ curious minds.

4.7

avg rating

1M+ learners

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

BeFreedがウェブ上でどのように話題になっているかをもっと見る

コロンビア大学卒業生がサンフランシスコで開発

LOVED BY

1,000,000+ curious minds.

4.7

avg rating

1M+ learners

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."

@Moemenn

"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."

@Chloe, Solo founder, LA

117

"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."

@Raaaaaachelw

"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."

@Matt, YC alum

108

"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."

@Erin, Investment Banking Associate , NYC

254

"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."

@djmikemoore

"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."

@Pitiful

4.5K

"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."

@SofiaP

"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"

@Jaded_Falcon

201

"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."

@OojasSalunke

"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."

@Leo, Law Student, UPenn

483

"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"

@Cashflowbubu

BeFreedがウェブ上でどのように話題になっているかをもっと見る

今すぐ学習の旅を始めよう

第5章

女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語

概要『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の概要

1冊の本。さまざまな聴き方。

When Women Philosophers Challenged the Status Quo

The Awakening of a Woman Thinker

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

A Room of Her Own: Mary Astell's Radical Vision

The Women Behind the Men: Love and Intellectual Partnership

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』をもっと深く楽しむ

'Fitts' and Starts: Damaris Masham's Philosophical Journey

The Demons of Doubt: Overcoming Internal and External Obstacles

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Heroes: Finding Freedom Through Difficult Choices

Into the Hands of Virginia Woolf: Rediscovering Lost Voices

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』をもっと深く楽しむ

Bedtime Stories: A Global History of Women Philosophers

Monsters: Catharine Cockburn's Revolutionary Vision

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Muses: Finding My Own Path

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』を最後まで読み終えました

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の主要テーマ

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の名言

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の登場人物

著者について

女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語の要約をダウンロード

他のユーザーのお気に入り

この本に関するよくある質問

What is How to Think Like a Woman about?

Who should read How to Think Like a Woman?

Is How to Think Like a Woman worth reading?

What philosophers are featured in How to Think Like a Woman?

もっと見る

1,000,000+ curious minds.

1,000,000+ curious minds.

1冊の本。さまざまな聴き方。

When Women Philosophers Challenged the Status Quo

The Awakening of a Woman Thinker

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

A Room of Her Own: Mary Astell's Radical Vision

The Women Behind the Men: Love and Intellectual Partnership

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』をもっと深く楽しむ

'Fitts' and Starts: Damaris Masham's Philosophical Journey

The Demons of Doubt: Overcoming Internal and External Obstacles

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Heroes: Finding Freedom Through Difficult Choices

Into the Hands of Virginia Woolf: Rediscovering Lost Voices

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』をもっと深く楽しむ

Bedtime Stories: A Global History of Women Philosophers

Monsters: Catharine Cockburn's Revolutionary Vision

聴きながら、すべての言葉を目で追えます

Muses: Finding My Own Path

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』を最後まで読み終えました

他のユーザーのお気に入り

もっと見る

『女たちの思索：忘れられた哲学者たちの物語』の概要