第1章
When Friendship Becomes Family: The Power of Choosing Each Other
"When was the last time you fought for a friendship?" This question sits at the heart of "Big Friendship," a compelling memoir by Aminatou Sow and Ann Friedman. Unlike the countless books and movies dedicated to romantic relationships, this work explores territory rarely given serious attention: the profound impact of deep platonic bonds. Named one of Time Magazine's best books of 2020 and praised by figures from Roxane Gay to Esther Perel, this groundbreaking work challenges our cultural dismissal of friendship as secondary to romance and family. Through their own decade-long relationship, Sow and Friedman reveal what happens when we treat friendship with the gravity it deserves-and what we risk losing when we don't.
第2章
The Spark That Ignites Connection
Like any great love story, this one begins with a meet-cute. In 2009, at a Gossip Girl viewing party in Washington DC, Aminatou arrived wearing a "CHUCK+BLAIR" T-shirt celebrating the show's brattiest teen couple. Ann noticed immediately, impressed by this dedication to theme. As Ann sipped her manhattan, she found herself hanging on Aminatou's every word, laughing harder at her jokes than anyone else's. Though it seemed like chance, their mutual friend Dayo had intentionally brought them together, sensing they needed each other. The evening had that electric quality where time seems to both stand still and fly by, marked by the kind of laughter that makes your sides ache.
Their connection wasn't just about shared interests-it was about recognizing something essential in each other. Both were at turning points in their lives: Ann was working at a political magazine but feeling out of place in DC's buttoned-up political culture, struggling to reconcile her creative ambitions with the city's formal expectations. Meanwhile, Aminatou was navigating the complexities of visa issues and career direction after graduating into the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. The uncertainty of their respective situations made them particularly receptive to finding a kindred spirit who could understand their struggles without explanation.
What they experienced was a powerful platonic attraction-that initial ZING! feeling that can't be manufactured or forced into existence. Ann was drawn to Aminatou's worldliness combined with approachability, her ability to discuss everything from international politics to reality TV with equal insight and enthusiasm. Aminatou found herself captivated by Ann's sharp intelligence and relentless work ethic, along with her ability to find humor in life's absurdities. This spark carried a sense of undefined possibility, with both wanting the other to reciprocate their feelings in exactly the same way, creating that delicate dance of early friendship where each person hopes they're not alone in feeling a connection.
When we experience this rare connection, we should pay attention to its significance. Research in social psychology and neuroscience shows our friends shape us profoundly-influencing not just our day-to-day moods and tastes, but affecting our bodies, spending habits, and political views long-term. Studies have found that friends can impact everything from our weight to our happiness levels, with some research suggesting that strong friendships can even boost our immune systems and increase longevity. We grow in response to each other, both intentionally and unconsciously, becoming inextricably intertwined in ways that can never be fully untangled. These friendship bonds create neural patterns that mirror those of family relationships, suggesting that chosen family can be just as significant as biological connections.
第3章
Building Intimacy Through Shared Time
All significant friendships require serious time together. Research shows specific thresholds in friendship development: 30 hours for "casual friends," 50 hours for plain "friends," 140 hours for "good friendship," and 300 hours for "best friends." Aminatou and Ann easily surpassed these benchmarks through their overlapping social circles, but mostly through countless hours on each other's couches.
Their ritual was simple: texting "what are you up to?", showing up at each other's apartments, immediately shedding their bras, queuing up questionable DVDs, and sharing homemade snacks-Ann's Midwestern cheese-based appetizers or Aminatou's Texas queso. This created a judgment-free zone away from male-dominated professional spaces where they could simply be themselves.
The comfort of doing nothing together signaled they were enough for each other. When apart, they constantly messaged about office politics and planned their next meetup. Looking back, this intense bonding period built the trust and intimacy that would later help them weather difficulties.
As they shared their life stories, they discovered both differences and surprising similarities. Aminatou grew up in Guinea and Nigeria, teaching herself to read by devouring every scrap of paper in her home when utilities failed. She learned from her parents the art of maintaining relationships across continents-watching them spend hours making international calls and writing letters to be carried by travelers. Meanwhile, Ann grew up in a small Iowa town to parents who never lived far from where they were raised, finding escape through books and annual trips to Chicago with her grandmother.
Despite these different backgrounds, both came from conservative cultures, wanted lives far from home, loved reading, and refused to apologize for taking up space. They were creating what linguist Deborah Tannen calls a "story of sameness," actively amplifying their similarities while overlooking differences that would later challenge them.
第4章
Chosen Family: When Friends Become Essential
It took only months for Ann and Aminatou to become deeply attached. Their relationship embodied what communications professor Emily Langan describes in her research on best friendships: they desired to know everything about each other's lives, provided a secure base for exploration, and offered a safe harbor during difficult times.
This became evident when Ann decided to end her long-term relationship with her boyfriend. She had realized through her friendship with Aminatou what true emotional intimacy felt like-something missing with her partner. Aminatou supported Ann through every step of the messy breakup, from listening to emotional discussions to providing honest feedback about Ann's impulsive post-breakup haircut. She even helped Ann move furniture into her new place, where they discovered they were "superwomen" who could accomplish anything together.
Similarly, when Aminatou struggled with her relationship with her father, she found herself on Ann's couch crying uncontrollably-something she rarely did, especially with someone she'd known only months. Ann remained calm and steady, offering support without judgment. This moment was pivotal; Aminatou had unconsciously tested whether showing strong emotion would drive Ann away, and Ann had passed brilliantly.
Over time, they became more than best friends-they became chosen family. Friends began joining their names: "Ann & Amina. Amina & Ann." They exchanged apartment keys, cooked for each other after work, and reminded each other "chosen fam is everything" when biological family issues arose. They attended weddings together, coordinated outfits, shared hotel rooms, and gave joint gifts signed "Love, the Sow-Friedmans."
Their choice to present as a family unit wasn't just cute-it expressed their political belief that friendship deserves equal importance to romantic and family bonds. As historian Stephanie Coontz explains, friendship expectations have evolved over centuries-from the emotionally central same-sex friendships of the 19th century when marriages were often arranged, to the "low point" of the 1950s-60s when women were expected to abandon friendships after marriage.
During this period, their friendship deepened effortlessly-with no secrets, misunderstandings, shame, fear, or insecurity between them. They didn't consciously pledge eternal friendship; they simply accepted the truth that their lives would always include each other. But they'd only considered the positive aspects of chosen family, never pausing to think about the inevitable difficulties ahead.
第5章
Shine Theory: Rising Together Rather Than Competing
Early in their careers, both women faced sexism and lack of mentorship in their respective workplaces. Aminatou was devastated when her manager at a think tank refused to mentor her, citing her educational background and claiming women didn't distinguish themselves in policy. Meanwhile, Ann dealt with bosses who called senior women "sweetie" and treated younger women as personal secretaries.
Both were ambitious but lacked role models in a recession economy. Studies showed 63% of women never had mentors, and younger professionals often couldn't name one. They turned to each other instead, exchanging information about jobs, salaries, and obstacles.
When Aminatou lost her think tank job, she faced potential deportation with only a month left on her work authorization. Her network of friends quickly provided job leads and connected her with a lawyer who took her asylum case pro bono. Ann remained supportive, serving as a sounding board while the immigration situation loomed.
Similarly, when Ann was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief, she decided to quit her job despite minimal savings. She packed her Honda and moved to Austin, cutting her rent in half. Rather than feeling abandoned, Aminatou fully supported Ann's move, understanding her friend's need for happiness. When Ann later received an unexpected offer for an executive editor position in Los Angeles, Aminatou helped her through the interview process and salary negotiations.
This mutual support exemplifies what they later named "Shine Theory"-the idea that "I don't shine if you don't shine." It's about how you act on feelings of jealousy, not eliminating them entirely. Contrary to popular belief, sharing knowledge strengthens rather than diminishes your position-researcher Adam Grant found those who share resources freely succeed most long-term.
Shine Theory takes many forms: sharing opportunities, connecting people, hosting industry gatherings, practicing salary transparency, warning about workplace predators, and amplifying women's voices in meetings. When Ann published an article introducing Shine Theory publicly, it went viral-requiring them to legally secure the trademark after someone tried claiming it.
While some misappropriated it as generic "women's empowerment," they're proud when it's properly understood, like when Congresswomen Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Ayanna Pressley demonstrate it by supporting each other despite political competition.
第6章
The Stretch: Adapting Through Life's Challenges
Friendship requires stretching-just as physical stretching maintains muscle flexibility and range of motion, emotional stretching keeps friendships adaptable. Friendships need both passive stretches (effortless adaptations) and active stretches (deliberate adjustments to accommodate life changes).
This became evident when Aminatou developed severe anemia requiring blood transfusions. Her health deteriorated to the point of dividing her life between Good Days and Bad Days, with the latter disrupting everything from daily activities to important events. Her illness demanded significant stretching from both friends.
For Aminatou, asking for help was difficult as an independent person who'd been let down before. For Ann, staying connected across distance while respecting privacy boundaries required new approaches. Ann drew on her teenage experience supporting her high school friend through depression-a formative experience that taught her how to show up for someone with chronic illness.
Stretching in friendship is challenging because we're taught friendship should always feel easy. We fear looking foolish, failing, or stretching more than our friend. Sometimes what feels like stretching is actually straining-when one person consistently adapts more, explains more, or gives more than they receive. As therapist Jordan Pickell notes, feelings of anger or resentment signal you're being stretched beyond capacity.
Though they both stretched for each other through illness and distance, they struggled to communicate their true feelings about the stretching, which caused problems later. Society accepts abandoning friendships without conversation, unlike romantic or family relationships where working through challenges is expected.
The longer you've been friends, the more likely you'll stretch for each other through major life transitions, but sometimes neither friend realizes stretching is needed until the friendship is strained.
第7章
The Friendweb: Navigating Interconnected Relationships
Unlike the concept of #SquadGoals that emerged years later-a whitewashed version of what rappers had been celebrating for decades-Aminatou and Ann's approach to friendship isn't about exclusive, fixed groups that fit neatly into Instagram photos. Instead, they have what they call a "friendweb"-an ever-changing, interconnected network spanning different life chapters.
When they're at their best in the friendweb, they celebrate one another's successes and model healthy relationships, treating each other's closest friends like in-laws. This interconnected approach allows Shine Theory to flourish as they celebrate rather than compete with their friends' successes.
While Dunbar's number suggests humans can maintain only about 150 meaningful connections, their experience shows that friendwebs are more complex than simple concentric circles-some people matter by connection rather than direct friendship, others are contextually important, and some are historically significant but not daily presences.
This complexity became apparent when Ann organized a "Desert Ladies" retreat in Joshua Tree for her 30th birthday. What began as a small gathering of women from different corners of her friendweb grew from 17 women the first year to an overwhelming 50 by the third. This expansion revealed the challenges of managing a sprawling friendweb, as connections between attendees became less clear and interpersonal tensions emerged.
When Aminatou confided in Ann about feeling betrayed by another Desert Ladies attendee, their different approaches to friendweb management created the first cracks in their own relationship. Ann told the women to handle their problems directly, while Aminatou questioned Ann's loyalty. This seemingly minor vacation disagreement revealed the first tremor of a fault line in their friendship-one that Aminatou felt but didn't mention, and that Ann didn't notice at all.
第8章
The Trapdoor: Navigating Race in Friendship
Race plays out differently in every friendship. For Aminatou and Ann, it creates an unbridgeable gap that's bigger than their relationship itself-they don't just live with racial difference, they live within it.
On a beautiful California evening, Aminatou attended a friend's birthday party in Ann's backyard. Despite the lovely atmosphere, what should have been a fun night turned uncomfortable when Aminatou realized she was the only Black person present. This experience triggered what writer Wesley Morris calls "the trapdoor of racism"-that moment when Black people in friendships with white people suddenly drop through an unexpected opening into racial discomfort.
Aminatou left early without mentioning it to Ann, filing it away as a data point. Though the incident might seem trivial-just a birthday party hosted for someone else-the feelings it surfaced were significant. Aminatou believed Ann would have advised others to examine such all-white gatherings critically, yet Ann hadn't even acknowledged the situation.
Racism is structural-baked into political systems, art, culture, and financial structures. It affects everyone regardless of personal views or friend groups, making race a different kind of challenge than other friendship obstacles like illness or distance. Those challenges exist within their friendship, but race is bigger-their friendship exists within it.
While they share high-level ideas about racism and can discuss incidents Aminatou experiences elsewhere, they struggle when Ann becomes the source of pain. Aminatou fearlessly confronts racist strangers but finds addressing racism with friends and loved ones much harder. She believes in immediately addressing these "broken windows" to prevent relationship erosion.
Months after the party incident, she finally confronted Ann, who initially responded defensively before acknowledging her failure. Their conversation was difficult, with no neat resolution. Ann's defensiveness stemmed from her limited racial education growing up in a 98% white town.
This highlights the unequal emotional labor in interracial friendships-non-white friends often must educate white friends while managing stereotypes like the "Angry Black Woman." Aminatou admitted she constantly modulates her emotions around Ann to avoid this stereotype.
As Toni Morrison described, racism's true function is that "it keeps you explaining, over and over again, your reason for being." This exhaustion extends into friendships, where the trapdoor of potential racism always threatens to swing open.
第9章
Too Big to Fail: When Friendship Breaks Down
In January 2014, Ann and Aminatou launched a podcast called "Call Your Girlfriend" with producer Gina Delvac. Despite early technical awkwardness, they committed to recording weekly conversations about everything from politics to pop culture. Initially intended for friends, the podcast unexpectedly took off, launching just before Serial made podcasting mainstream.
This created a strange dynamic: they now had their real, sometimes messy private friendship, alongside a public, idealized version constructed in listeners' imaginations. While their podcast gained popularity, both women faced personal challenges they kept hidden from their audience.
They often told each other they were "too big to fail"-a banking theory suggesting some institutions are so interconnected with the economy that their collapse would be catastrophic. It wasn't just a joke; they truly believed their friendship couldn't fail. They shared an LLC, bank account, trademark, and public identity.
But "too big to fail" is a lie. Research shows only 30% of closest friendships remain close after seven years-their rough patch came at six years. Unlike dramatic breakups with clear betrayals, their friendship simply stumbled, wavered, then face-planted.
Their breakdown happened in two phases. First came miscommunications and petty moments-like when Ann invited her boyfriend to dinner hoping Aminatou would know him better, while Aminatou thought Ann brought him as a buffer. These small hurts accumulated, making them reluctant to confide in each other.
Once they stopped discussing difficult things, they entered a worse phase where they repeatedly hurt each other's feelings. It became a cycle: Aminatou thinking Ann wasn't bothered by anything, Ann thinking Aminatou was upset but not knowing why. They were unintentionally gaslighting each other, no longer speaking the same language.
They tried salvaging their friendship by retracing the steps that built it: seeking spark, investing face time, and attempting vulnerability. But everything was harder now. That's how they ended up at a spa trying to save their relationship-going through motions of opening up but mostly experiencing uneasy silence and awkward dinners.
During sleepless nights, Aminatou would contemplate the mechanics of ending their friendship-the difficult conversations, podcast cancellation, LLC dissolution, paperwork, and explaining to friends. Most painfully: what would seeing each other at parties be like?
Despite feeling their friendship was toxic at times, neither was ready to give up. Ann reasoned: "It would be so difficult to leave. It's going to be difficult to stay and fix things too. If it's painful either way, why not stay?"
Society expects friendship to be all support, no strife-if it gets hard, it "wasn't meant to be." While countless resources exist for repairing marriages or family relationships, almost nothing guides friends through crises.
Ironically, their professional connection created an opening. While culturally there's little support for saving friendships, America loves saving businesses. Silicon Valley's trend of "couples counseling" for business partners gave them permission to seek help. During a business call about potentially writing a Shine Theory book, they finally acknowledged how bad things had become and agreed to try therapy together.
第10章
The Long Haul: Maintaining Friendship Over Time
A decade past their meet-cute, Aminatou and Ann have lived apart for more than twice as long as they lived in the same city. Though they still talk almost daily and see each other often, those years of casual TV nights and happy hours feel distant. Fitting into each other's lives is harder now-even though they work together.
Experts say ages 30 to 50 tend to be friendship low points, when unstructured time with friends becomes luxurious rather than natural. The "four burners" theory suggests life priorities compete like stovetop burners-family, friends, health, and work-and friendship is typically the first sacrificed. Yet extinguishing friendship affects everything else: work success, family transitions, and especially health. Loneliness has physical consequences comparable to smoking 15 cigarettes daily.
Their early friendship ideal was perpetual closeness without conflict. Now they value resilience over perfection. Big Friendships require active maintenance-there's no autopilot mode. According to friendship researcher Emily Langan, maintaining attachment requires three elements: ritual, assurances, and openness.
Unlike marriages or family relationships, friendships lack built-in milestones, so friends must create their own rituals. They celebrate their friendship anniversary with gifts, dinners, and phone calls. Annual getaways serve as recommitments with their traditions and recurring guest lists. Small rituals matter equally: shared Photo Streams for outfit selfies or consistent check-ins during travel.
Beyond rituals, friends need assurances-verbal and nonverbal indicators that the friendship is important and will continue. When they joke about wearing matching caftans on their future Golden Girls-style lanai, it's more than humor-it's promising continued presence in each other's lives. Their matching tattoos serve as permanent assurances, an external sign they belong to each other despite not sharing physical characteristics like blood relatives.
Openness is equally crucial, especially during times of stretch or strain. Though discussing relationship problems feels risky due to fear of abandonment, transparency is essential for survival.
Having someone understand you over time is invaluable. As Aminatou's friend wrote, "I love that you've known every version of me." Greek philosophers saw friendship as essential to the good life-Aristotle believed friends hold mirrors to each other, allowing us to see ourselves clearly in ways impossible alone. Through these reflections, we discover both flaws and strengths we hadn't recognized.
Most meaningful relationships aren't effortless. Big Friendships require work through periods of stretching, strain, feeling out of sync, and failing each other. When it's difficult, survival depends on both people deciding the friendship will continue. Showing up consistently is the only way forward.
The rewards are profound: being truly seen, having a safe harbor, the satisfaction of choosing each other daily, deeper self-knowledge, and countless inside jokes. Not all friendships offer these benefits, so when you find a Big Friendship, invest in it and stretch for it, even when society suggests it's fine to let it languish. Though they can't guarantee any friendship will last forever, they can promise: taking your friendships seriously is something you'll never regret.
