
In "Bunk," Kevin Young brilliantly dissects America's fake news epidemic, tracing hoaxes from P.T. Barnum to Trump. Longlisted for the National Book Award, this cultural investigation reveals how deception and racial stereotyping intertwine. What dangerous truth about ourselves lies beneath our love of lies?
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What if I told you that America's relationship with lies didn't start with social media, but with a showman in the 1800s who exhibited human beings as curiosities? The thread connecting P.T. Barnum's "humbugs" to today's viral misinformation reveals something unsettling: we've always been willing to be fooled, as long as the show was good enough. But here's the twist-Barnum believed there was honor in entertaining deception, a line between harmless spectacle and dangerous fraud. That line has vanished. We now live in what could be called the "complete-hoax world," where the very concept of truth has become negotiable, and facts are treated like opinions you can simply choose not to believe. Nineteenth-century America didn't just tolerate deception-it celebrated it as entertainment. Barnum insisted his "humbugs" were morally acceptable because audiences got their money's worth, even if what they saw was fabricated. This philosophy allowed a young nation grappling with the contradiction of slavery in a land of freedom to "marvel at its mysteries" without confronting its hypocrisies directly. The penny press-essentially the internet of its day-prioritized sensation over substance, court scandals over political analysis. Writers like Poe and Twain wove confidence men into the fabric of American literature, recognizing that deception had become central to national identity.
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